National Air Quality Standards for Automotive Pollutants – A Critical Review

Multipollutant Air Quality Management

“…99 -additives. Yet, the gasoline-engine catalytic converter [102][103][104] (the most effective measure for reducing emissions, concentrations, and biomarkers for these pollutants) was originally intended to reduce CO and VOC emissions, then eventually NO x emissions. Gasolineengine Pb reductions were a beneficial (and recognized) byproduct, eventually resulting in the phase-out of Pb additives that contaminated the catalyst and that some claim did not belong there in the first place.…”

Oxidant control strategies. Part I. Urban oxidant control strategy derived from existing smog chamber data

“…This EPA strategy, often referred to as the Appendix-J method (2), has been criticized for a number of limitations (3,4), the main ones of which are alleged to be as follows:…”

A New Approach to Setting Vehicle Emission Standards

“…To illustrate with a specific example, the national ambient air quality standard for carbon monoxide requires that the 8 hr average concentration not exceed 9 parts per million (ppm) more than once per year. Although the stringency of the standard has been questioned, 3 the goal of meeting the standard will be accepted for the purposes of this paper, and only the question of what automotive emission rate is needed to meet this standard will be considered. Carbon monoxide has been chosen as an example because in most large cities, nearly all of it can be ascribed to vehicular activity.…”