“…Monitoring these substances allows for estimating the level of use, the prevalence of modern diseases, and tracking the spread of epidemics. In addition, pharmaceutical substances can also be useful for estimating the size of the population with chronic diseases, such as diabetes ( Zheng et al, 2023 ) and hypertension ( Hou et al, 2023 ). - Dietary biomarkers can be used to estimate population-level dietary intake and monitor changes in dietary habits.
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