Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Orderly neck node spread

Sham, Jonathan S. T.; Choy, D.; Wei, William I.

doi:10.1016/0360-3016(90)90014-b

Cited by 152 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Incidental finding on head imaging is rare and up to three quarters of patients have cervical lymph node enlargement at initial presentation, higher than all head and neck squamous cell carcinomas 37,38 . Nasopharyngeal biopsy can have false-negative results especially if no apparent lesion is observed in the nasopharynx.…”

Section: Nasopharyngeal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Difficulties in the surgical management of head and neck cancer patient

Sarafoleanu

Vuzitas

Manea

2017

Romanian Journal of Rhinology

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Malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract are high morbidity bearing and life-threatening diseases, which require thorough care from diagnostic suspicion and confirmation to surgical and/or oncologic treatment and rehabilitation. Difficulties in managing head and neck cancers arise from delays in diagnosis and treatment caused by either patient-related factors or healthcare system-related factors. Tumor origin and stage determine whether surgical excision is feasible, the approach required for safe excision, the extent of functional and aesthetic sacrifice required to attain oncologic safety and the need for reconstructive surgery. A thorough and systematic preoperative risk versus benefits assessment to select potential surgical candidates and give realistic outcomes is important from both a medical and a legal point of view. Because tumors in the head and neck region frequently involve more than one system and sensory organ, potential loss of function from either the disease course, surgical or nonsurgical treatment should be taken into account form a quality of life perspective. Effective management of head and neck cancer patients requires the cooperation and combined effort of a multidisciplinary team of surgeons, physicians and other workers over a long period of time which, in the absence of a specialised head and neck cancer centre and guidelines, can lead to increased morbidity and mortality, and patient dissatisfaction.

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Section: Nasopharyngeal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Difficulties in the surgical management of head and neck cancer patient

Sarafoleanu

Vuzitas

Manea

2017

Romanian Journal of Rhinology

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“…The incidence rate of NPC in Hong Kong is 25 times higher than other parts of the world (Jeannel et al, 1999). NPC is characterized by a high incidence of lymph node metastasis (Sham et al, 1990) and is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (Raab-Traub, 2002). The EBV-encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) is essential for EBVinduced immortalization of B lymphocyte (Kaye et al, 1993) Expression of LMP1 transforms Rat-1 fibroblasts (Wang et al, 1985) and induces various phenotypic changes in epithelial cells (Dawson et al, 1990) including loss of contact inhibition, anchorage-independent growth in soft agar and the ability to grow in reduced serum concentrations.…”

Section: 1207580 Published Online 5 April 2004mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein–Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) upregulates Id1 expression in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells

Zhuang

Wang

et al. 2004

Oncogene

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“…NPC has a higher incidence of cervical lymph node (LN) metastases compared with other head and neck cancers. 2 Radiotherapy is the primary treatment modality for all locally and regionally confined stages of NPC. It is particularly difficult to define radiologic criteria of LN metastases by radiologic-histopathologic correlations based on a large sample; therefore, imaging criteria always are used to diagnose the LN metastases in NPC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiation oncologists often decide to treat the neck based on a somewhat arbitrary perception of risk of the cervical LNs harboring metastases. 10 Several investigators have reported the pattern of LN involvement 2,5,6 ; however, in those series, only the frequency of skip metastases from the upper neck to the lower neck was reported, and the pattern of LN involvement was unclear at the different levels defined by the RTOG guidelines.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The volume to be irradiated during selective neck irradiation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Tang

Mao

Liu

et al. 2009

Cancer

113

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Background: Apathy, defined as decreased goal‐directed activity, has been observed in Parkinson's disease. A number of cognitive/psychiatric features have been documented in essential tremor, yet we are unaware of studies of apathy. Methods: Using the Apathy Evaluation Scale (range = 18–72 [more apathy]), we compared 79 essential tremor cases, 20 dystonia cases, and 39 Parkinson's disease cases with 80 normal controls. Results: The score of the Apathy Evaluation Scale was higher in essential tremor, dystonia, and Parkinson's disease cases than controls (all P ≤ .04). Parkinson's disease cases had the highest scores. Analyses stratified by presence/absence of depressive symptoms indicated the presence of a group of apathetic but nondepressed cases. Conclusions: Patients with Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia had elevated apathy scores. Features of apathy seemed to occur in these conditions independent of depressive symptoms. The mechanistic basis for the apparent increased features of apathy in essential tremor and dystonia deserves further study. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Orderly neck node spread

Cited by 152 publications

References 10 publications

Difficulties in the surgical management of head and neck cancer patient

Difficulties in the surgical management of head and neck cancer patient

Epstein–Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) upregulates Id1 expression in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells

The volume to be irradiated during selective neck irradiation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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