Nascent muscle fiber appearance in overloaded chicken slow‐tonic muscle

Kennedy, John M.; Eisenberg, Bob; Reid, Stephen; Sweeney, Lauren J.; Zak, Radovan

doi:10.1002/aja.1001810209

Cited by 91 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Stretch-induced hypertrophy of avian wing muscle has also been implicated in the activation of satellite cells (Kennedy et al, 1988). Their electron microscopic results are similar to those reported here in that myofilamentous disruptions were noted in the majority of fibers examined during the first week of stretch.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Satellite cell response in rat soleus muscle undergoing hypertrophy due to surgical ablation of synergists

1990

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Although the role of satellite cells has been confirmed during skeletal muscle growth and regeneration, their involvement during work-induced muscle growth remains uncertain. In this study, chronically overloaded rat soleus muscles were ultrastructurally monitored following surgical ablation of synergists to examine cytological adaptations of satellite cells and myofibers. The left soleus muscle of 20 female Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks of age) was induced to hypertrophy by excising the contralateral plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles under pentobarbital anesthesia. Right limbs were sham-operated and served as controls. On days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 after surgery, the soleus muscles were removed and processed for electron microscopy. Two morphologically distinct phases were noted in the surgically overloaded muscles. The first stage (week 1) was characterized by a significant increase in the number of satellite cells, and by more than half of the experimental muscle fibers displaying myofibrillar disruptions, mitochondrial alterations and glycogen pooling. The second phase (weeks 2-4) featured mostly normal, although larger appearing muscle fibers, with the satellite cell frequency remaining slightly elevated. These findings suggest that muscle fiber structural abnormalities, rather than an increase in muscle activity, may play a more significant role in the early activation of satellite cells during compensatory hypertrophy, whereas activation of satellite cells during the later stages may be in response to increased levels of muscle activity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Satellite cell response in rat soleus muscle undergoing hypertrophy due to surgical ablation of synergists

1990

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“…Thus, data from stretched ALD in immature chickens (Kennedy et al 1986(Kennedy et al , 1988Sweeney et al, 19891, appear consistent with data from overloaded rat muscle.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

“…The relative increase of SM2 expression is consistent with the work of colleagues (1986,1988) who found an increase in the developmentally regulated increase in SM2 and down-regulation of SM1 in the immature chicken. However, it is important to note that unlike the report of Kennedy et al (1986Kennedy et al ( , 1988, the quail in this study were physically mature, so that the shift in isoform expression cannot be attributed to an increase in the rate of developmentally regulated events.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Stretch induces non‐uniform isomyosin expression in the quail anterior latissimus dorsi muscle

Alway

1993

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Stretch-overload has been shown to elevate muscle mass in the avian anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) by increasing both fiber size and fiber number; however, it is not known if these adaptations result in uniform regulation of myosin isoform expression along the length of the fibers in this slow tonic muscle. When a weight was added to the left wing of 20 adult quail for 30 days, ALD mass was increased by 161%. ALDs were divided into proximal, middle, and distal portions. Tissue cross-sections from each muscle portion were reacted against monoclonal antibodies for either fast (FM) or slow myosin (SM), or processed for identification of native myosin isoforms. The number of fibers expressing FM increased by 190% in the distal region after stretch; however, most of these were small fibers. Electrophoretic analyses of stretched muscles demonstrated an upregulation of SM2 in all regions of the ALD. SM1 was only down-regulated in the proximal region of the ALD. FM isoforms had greater increases in the proximal region than other regions of the overloaded ALD. These data indicate that stretch-induced hypertrophy induces a non-uniform increase in fast myosin isoforms and SM1 along the length of the fibers of the ALD.

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“…Kennedy et al (1988) reported myofibril disruption in the stretched ALD muscles of chicken. Recently, we have reported evidence of fiber necrosis and regional injury in the stretch-enlarged ALD muscle (Winchester et al, 1991b).…”

Section: Bmentioning

confidence: 96%

A quantitative study of satellite cells and myonuclei in stretched avian slow tonic muscle

Winchester

Gonyea

1992

Anat. Rec.

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Satellite cell frequency was assessed in control and stretched anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscles of adult quail. A weight equal to 10% of body mass was attached to one wing for time intervals ranging from 1-30 days. The contralateral ALD served as the intra-animal control. Satellite cell frequency, expressed as a percentage of total myofiber nuclei within the basal lamina, was determined in eight control and stretched ALD muscles, that had been weighted for 5, 7, or 10 days. Satellite cell frequency was determined in 584 control and 473 stretched fibers and was not different in the control or stretched ALD muscles (15.6 +/- 2.3%, 16.7 +/- 6.1%, respectively). The number of myofiber nuclei (myonuclei and satellite cell nuclei) was examined in whole fiber segments from control and stretched ALD muscles of 27 adult quail. Nuclear frequency was determined in 500 control and 1,200 stretched fiber segments. Fiber volume was calculated from fiber length and diameter measurements. Nuclear number normalized to 10,000 microns 3 fiber volume was correlated to fiber cross-sectional area (P less than 0.0001). Fibers with cross-sectional areas less than 500 microns 2 had a greater nuclear to fiber volume ratio compared to fibers with areas greater than 500 microns 2. The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio was not constant in smaller fibers. Nuclear density decreased as fiber cross-sectional area increased up to 500 microns 2. Fibers with cross-sectional areas greater than 500 microns 2 demonstrated a constant nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio. The results demonstrate that absolute nuclear number increased to maintain a constant nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio in the stretched hypertrophied fibers. Daughter cells originating from activated satellite cells may have contributed to the myonuclear population to maintain a constant nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio in the hypertrophied fibers of the adult quail.

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Nascent muscle fiber appearance in overloaded chicken slow‐tonic muscle

Cited by 91 publications

References 52 publications

Satellite cell response in rat soleus muscle undergoing hypertrophy due to surgical ablation of synergists

Satellite cell response in rat soleus muscle undergoing hypertrophy due to surgical ablation of synergists

Stretch induces non‐uniform isomyosin expression in the quail anterior latissimus dorsi muscle

A quantitative study of satellite cells and myonuclei in stretched avian slow tonic muscle

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