Nasal microbiome research in ANCA-associated vasculitis: Strengths, limitations, and future directions

Kronbichler, Andreas; Harrison, Ewan M.; Wagner, Josef

doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.031

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Furthermore, 28% had been treated prophylactically with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (an antibiotic mix) during the active course of the disease. Along this line, Kronbichler et al reported that treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole reduced bacteria diversity and disease relapses [48], and Rhee et al showed that non-glucocorticoid immunosuppression normalized bacterial and fungal composition in the noses of GPA patients and reduced bacteria diversity in AAV patients compared with controls [8]. Whether the prophylactical treatment with antibiotics or the immune-suppressive treatment contributes to the lower IgG responses to oral bacteria in established AAV is not possible to distinguish in our study partly due to the low incidence of the disease (limited number of available cases) and partly due to that many patients had a cocktail of medications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiota Profile in Patients with Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis

Esberg

Johansson²,

Berglin³

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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Microbiota has been associated with autoimmune diseases, with nasal Staphylococcus aureus being implicated in the pathogenesis of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Little is known about the role of oral microbiota in AAV. In this study, levels of IgG antibodies to 53 oral bacterial species/subspecies were screened using immunoblotting in plasma/serum in pre-symptomatic AAV-individuals (n = 85), matched controls, and established AAV-patients (n = 78). Saliva microbiota from acute-AAV and controls was sequenced from 16s rDNA amplicons. Information on dental status was extracted from a national register. IgG levels against oral bacteria were lower in established AAV versus pre-AAV and controls. Specifically, pre-AAV samples had, compared to controls, a higher abundance of periodontitis-associated species paralleling more signs of periodontitis in established AAV-patients than controls. Saliva microbiota in acute-AAV showed higher within-sample diversity but fewer detectable amplicon-sequence variants and taxa in their core microbiota than controls. Acute-AAV was not associated with increased abundance of periodontal bacteria but species in, e.g., Arthrospira, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, and Scardovia. In conclusion, the IgG profiles against oral bacteria differed between pre-AAV, established AAV, and controls, and microbiota profiles between acute AAV and controls. The IgG shift from a pre-symptomatic stage to established disease cooccurred with treatment of immunosuppression and/or antibiotics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiota Profile in Patients with Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis

Esberg

Johansson²,

Berglin³

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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show abstract

“…Accordingly, growing literature describes a role of microbiota dysbiosis in other systemic vasculitides [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Regarding AAVs, a dysbiotic nasal microbiota has been described, particularly in granulomatosis with polyangiitis [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], while data on the GM in AAVs, and particularly on EGPA, are missing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Associated Mucosal Immune Response in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA)

et al. 2022

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Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is an anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. A genome-wide association study showed a correlation between ANCA-negative EGPA and variants of genes encoding proteins with intestinal barrier functions, suggesting that modifications of the mucosal layer and consequent gut dysbiosis might be involved in EGPA pathogenesis. Here, we characterized the gut microbiota (GM) composition and the intestinal immune response in a cohort of EGPA patients. Faeces from 29 patients and 9 unrelated healthy cohabitants were collected, and GM and derived metabolites’ composition were compared. Seven intestinal biopsies from EGPA patients with gastrointestinal manifestations were analysed to assess the T-cell distribution and its correlation with GM and EGPA clinical and laboratory features. No significant differences in GM composition, nor in the total amount of faecal metabolites, emerged between patients and controls. Nevertheless, differences in bacterial taxa abundances and compositional GM-derived metabolites profile were observed. Notably, an enrichment of potential pathobionts (Enterobacteriacee and Streptococcaceae) was found in EGPA, particularly in patients with active disease, while lower levels were found in patients on immunosuppression, compared with non-immunosuppressed ones. Significantly lower amounts of hexanoic acid were found in patients, compared to controls. The analysis of the immune response in the gut mucosa revealed a high frequency of IFN-γ/IL-17-producing T lymphocytes, and a positive correlation between EGPA disease activity and intestinal T-cell levels. Our data suggest that an enrichment in potential intestinal pathobionts might drive an imbalanced inflammatory response in EGPA.

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Old known and possible new biomarkers of ANCA-associated vasculitis

Scurt

Bose

Hammoud

et al. 2022

Journal of Autoimmunity

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Nasal microbiome research in ANCA-associated vasculitis: Strengths, limitations, and future directions

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Oral Microbiota Profile in Patients with Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis

Oral Microbiota Profile in Patients with Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis

Gut Microbiota and Associated Mucosal Immune Response in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA)

Old known and possible new biomarkers of ANCA-associated vasculitis

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