Old known and possible new biomarkers of ANCA-associated vasculitis

Scurt, Florian G; Bose, Katrin; Hammoud, Ben; Brandt, Sabine; Bernhardt, Anne; Groß, Catharina C.; Mertens, Peter R.; Chatzikyrkou, Christos

doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102953

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 332 publications

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“…“Sick” red blood cells that bear specific autoantibodies and are present in blood of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia [ 51 ] have been detected by means of an electrochemical immunosensor [ 52 ], which might provide more information in comparison with that revealed by other serological diagnostic tests for this AD [ 53 ]. Finally, an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) immunosensor was reported for the detection of autoantibodies against myeloperoxidase (anti-MPO), which are present in patients with an AD known as antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides [ 54 ]. In this sensor, human MPO was immobilized onto glassy carbon electrodes suitably functionalized with gold/MoS 2 nanosheets, and used to capture mouse anti-human MPO (model autoantibody/analyte).…”

Section: Ad Immunosensors Detecting Autoantibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosensors for Autoimmune-Disease-Related Biomarkers: A Literature Review

Karachaliou

Livaniou

2023

Sensors

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Immunosensors are a special class of biosensors that employ specific antibodies for biorecognition of the target analyte. Immunosensors that target disease biomarkers may be exploited as tools for disease diagnosis and/or follow-up, offering several advantages over conventional analytical techniques, such as rapid and easy analysis of patients’ samples at the point-of-care. Autoimmune diseases have been increasingly prevalent worldwide in recent years, while the COVID-19 pandemic has also been associated with autoimmunity. Consequently, demand for tools enabling the early and reliable diagnosis of autoimmune diseases is expected to increase in the near future. To this end, interest in immunosensors targeting autoimmune disease biomarkers, mainly, various autoantibodies and specific pro-inflammatory proteins (e.g., specific cytokines), has been rekindled. This review article presents most of the immunosensors proposed to date as potential tools for the diagnosis of various autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. The signal transduction and the immunoassay principles of each immunosensor have been suitably classified and are briefly presented along with certain sensor elements, e.g., special nano-sized materials used in the construction of the immunosensing surface. The main concluding remarks are presented and future perspectives of the field are also briefly discussed.

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Section: Ad Immunosensors Detecting Autoantibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosensors for Autoimmune-Disease-Related Biomarkers: A Literature Review

Karachaliou

Livaniou

2023

Sensors

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“…ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a chronic devastating disorder with a relapsing-remitting course. 1 Several scores relying on solely histopathologic or combined clinicopathologic criteria have been devised to predict prognosis. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] One of the most known and best validated is the ANCA renal risk score (ARRS) developed by Brix et al 6 Recently, an update of that score, defined as the new ANCA kidney risk score (AKRiS), was carefully developed using data from a robust international cohort consisting of approximately 1500 patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANCA Kidney Risk Score Performance in a German Cohort of Patients with Histologically Confirmed ANCA-Associated Renal Vasculitis

Scurt,

Hirschfeld,

Ganz

et al. 2024

Kidney360

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Background Predicting the outcome of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a difficult task. One of the most promising prognostic scores, the ANCA Renal Risk Score (ARRS), has recently been updated and renamed to ANCA Kidney Risk Score (AKRiS). We wanted to test its performance in our population. Methods 164 patients were included and categorized in subgroups analogous to that of both scores. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the risk of renal failure. Additionally, baseline data and outcome were compared between the subgroups of each score to retrieve useful clinical information. Results Stratified by AKRiS risk category, the proportions of patients who developed end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) at 36 months were 9.8%, 29.1%, 63.0%, and 83.3%, respectively (p < 0.001). Those belonging to the higher risk groups showed more pronounced proteinuria and anemia at diagnosis (p=0.001, p<0.001, respectively). Although our patients exhibited a more severe disease phenotype than those of AARS and AKRiS, both scores performed equally well: The Harrell´s C Index was similar (0.8381 vs. 0.8337). Beyond that, we found differences and similarities in the risk associations between the subgroups of both scores and disease activity or patient outcome, with some of them being described for the first time. For example, there was a higher risk of renal failure with anemia but not with C-reactive protein and the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) and an increased incidence of relapsing disease in the lower risk categories of ARRS. Conclusion Here, we present the first external AKRiS validation confirming the improved ESKD prediction of the revised score in our cohort. Furthermore, we highlighted associations between risc score categories and patient mortality or vasculitis relapse.

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