Nasal functional modifications after physical exercise: olfactory threshold and peak nasal inspiratory flow

Abstract

These outcomes confirmed PNIF sensitivity and reliability also in determining the changes in nasal patency occurring after physical exercise. The active vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa associated with the reduction of blood flow to the olfactory epithelium due to physical exercise may be compensated for by the increase of olfactory molecules that reach the olfactory mucosa because of nasal mucosal shrinkage: this mechanism could explain the stability of mean olfactory threshold after physical exercise.

Physical Exercise Increases Nasal Patency in Asthmatic and Atopic Preschool Children

“…The reaction has been shown to reach maximum level in adults at 5-10 minutes and may persist for up to 30 minutes. [1][2]4,21,22 The overall increase in total anterior volume after exercise was 15%. In our previous study in school children aged between 6 and 14 years we achieved a significant change of 10% in total volume with a xylometazoline spray.…”

“…This well-known reaction in nasal patency is based on sympathetic reflexes and is in proportion to exertion or the duration of the exercise. [1][2][3]21 The strength of our study was that the exercise was performed in a standard and validated way, with the level of heart rate being kept at 85-90% of children's estimated maximum during running. The nasal reaction was measured 10 minutes after exercise.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] This response is maximal at 5-10 minutes and may persist for up to 30 minutes. 1,2,4 Exercise can be used instead of medical decongestion to decrease the mucosal thickness and to evaluate structural obstruction of the nose. 1 The nasal response seems to be similar in healthy subjects and in patients with rhinitis and asthma, 3 but it has only been studied in adults.…”

Polska wersja testu Sniffin’ Sticks – adaptacja i normalizacja

“…[47][48][49]) oraz studiów klinicznych [50]. Ze względu na możliwość diagnozy różnych aspektów funkcjonowania węchu, SST może być bardzo przydatnym narzędziem zarówno dla praktyków, jak i naukowców zajmujących się węchem z bardziej teoretycznej perspektywy.…”

OLAF: standardization of international olfactory tests

“…[2,10,22,36], the Sniffing Sticks have been employed in a variety of clinical issues, both within and outside oto-rhino-laryngology (ORL) contexts. Among numerous studies from ENT clinics, some of the most recent are Guzdziol, Landis, and Rombaux and coworkers [13,32,41].…”