Polska wersja testu Sniffin’ Sticks – adaptacja i normalizacja

Sorokowska, Agnieszka; Hummel, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.otpol.2014.08.001

Cited by 36 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…We observed sex-related differences with women outperforming men. Available empirical reports on this issue are inconclusive, with some studies pointing to a female advantage in olfactory tasks over males [15, 31, 32] but others failing to confirm this difference [33]; for review see: [34]. In our large sample, we observed the main effects of sex indicating that females obtained significantly higher scores than males—however, the difference in mean TDI scores calculated for both groups was rather small (1.3 points).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated Sniffin’ Sticks normative data based on an extended sample of 9139 subjects

Oleszkiewicz

Schriever

Croy

et al. 2018

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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544

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PurposeTo provide up-to-date and detailed normative data based on a large-scale sample, increasing diagnostic validity by reference to narrow age groups as previous normative values were based upon smaller sample sizes—especially in the group of older subjects.MethodData were obtained from 9139 healthy subjects (4928 females aged 5–96 years and 4211 males aged 5–91 years). The standard “Sniffin’ Sticks” test was applied, comprising threshold (T), discrimination (D) and identification (I) subtests, and yielding a TDI sum score.ResultsHyposmia was established at a TDI score of less than 30.75. Age-related changes were found in each domain, most pronounced for thresholds. Individuals aged 20–30 years performed best, whereas children below the age of 10 and adults above the age of 71 scored only half as well. Sex-related differences were in favor of women.ConclusionsData provide guidance for assessing individual olfactory performance in relation to specific age groups. Significant gender and age effects were observed, with a most pronounced increase of olfactory test scores between age 5 through 20 years and a dramatic decrease at the age of 60 through 71 years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updated Sniffin’ Sticks normative data based on an extended sample of 9139 subjects

Oleszkiewicz

Schriever

Croy

et al. 2018

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

Self Cite

475

544

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“…Currently the manufacturer is offering three versions of the Sniffin’ Sticks smell identification test—two different sets of 16 odors (SS16—the blue and the purple one) and a set of 12 odors (SS12). The whole battery, or at least one of the identification part versions of Sniffin’ Sticks, has been adapted and validated for use in different European countries, such as Great Britain [ 8 ], the Netherlands [ 9 ], Romania [ 10 ], Italy [ 11 ], Portugal [ 12 ], Denmark [ 13 ], Estonia [ 14 ], Poland [ 15 ], Greece [ 16 , 17 ], Turkey [ 18 , 19 ], and Switzerland [ 20 ] as well as in other continents (Taiwan [ 21 ], Sri Lanka [ 22 ], Egypt [ 23 ], Mexico [ 24 ], and Australia [ 25 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Lithuanian Version of Sniffin’ Sticks 12 Odor Identification Test

2018

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Background: Evaluation of smell function is essential especially in cases of gradual deterioration, e.g., in neurodegenerative diseases, where rates of unawareness of the disorder are high and the importance of screening for olfactory dysfunction is increasing. To date, none of the tests for evaluation of olfactory dysfunction has been validated in Lithuania. The aim of the study was to develop a Lithuanian version of Sniffin’ Sticks 12 (SS12) odor identification test. Materials and Methods: The study was performed in 4 stages. The first stage included translation and back-translation from German, pilot group testing and language adaptation of the original SS12 test. In the second stage a survey group of 99 subjects was questioned for familiarity with the descriptors, used in the original version of the test. In the third stage after replacement of the least familiar distracters, a modified version of SS12 was created. Original and modified versions of SS12 were tested on 112 and 119 healthy subjects accordingly. The fourth stage of the study proved necessary as neither of the two SS12 versions turned out to be valid. After another round of replacement of the misleading distracters the second modified version of SS12 was created and it was tested on 115 healthy subjects. Results: Unsatisfactory correct identification rates of less than 75 percent in the same one item (lemon) were observed using both original and modified SS12 versions. With the second modification of distracters of SS12, identification of lemon increased significantly and overcame 75 percent. The decrease of SS12 scores in relation to age was ascertained in the study sample. Gender and smoking status did not prove to be independent predictors of SS12 scores in multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusion: The study presents an olfactory testing tool, which is adapted and modified culturally for use in the Lithuanian population.

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“…Another possible limitation of our study might be the use of the TIPI-PL scale both to measure the personality characteristics of the odor donors and to perform the ratings based on body odor samples. The TIPI is a very brief method (two items each consisting of two adjectives, i.e., four adjectives per personality characteristic), and its psychometric parameters are somewhat lower than those of longer inventories measuring the Big Five characteristics ( Gosling et al, 2003 ; Sorokowska et al, 2014 ). However, thanks to the brevity of this tool, the raters could assess the samples using the same scales that the donors had used to describe themselves, and this enabled us to measure the congruence of self-assessment and odor-assessment sessions more precisely than in the case of the previous studies regarding the body odor and personality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After providing body odor samples, donors completed a self-description TIPI-PL personality questionnaire ( Gosling et al, 2003 ; Polish adaptation by Sorokowska et al, 2014 ). The TIPI-PL is based on the Big Five personality model (Extraversion, Neuroticism, Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness), and it consists of 10 pairs of adjectives, 2 pairs for each Big Five dimension (for example, Extraversion: “Extraverted, enthusiastic” and reversed “Reserved, quiet”).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Odor Based Personality Judgments: The Effect of Fragranced Cosmetics

2016

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People can accurately assess various personality traits of others based on body odor (BO) alone. Previous studies have shown that correlations between odor ratings and self-assessed personality dimensions are evident for assessments of neuroticism and dominance. Here, we tested differences between assessments based on natural body odor alone, without the use of cosmetics and assessments based on the body odor of people who were allowed to use cosmetics following their daily routine. Sixty-seven observers assessed samples of odors from 113 odor donors (each odor donor provided two samples – one with and one without cosmetic use); the donors provided their personality ratings, and the raters judged personality characteristics of the donors based on the provided odor samples. Correlations between observers’ ratings and self-rated neuroticism were stronger when raters assessed body odor in the natural body odor condition (natural BO condition; rs = 0.20) than in the cosmetics use condition (BO+cosmetics condition; rs = 0.15). Ratings of dominance significantly predicted self-assessed dominance in both conditions (rs = 0.34 for natural BO and rs = 0.21 for BO+cosmetics), whereas ratings of extraversion did not predict self-assessed extraversion in either condition. In addition, ratings of body odor attractiveness and pleasantness were significantly lower in natural BO condition than in BO+cosmetics condition, although the intensity of donors’ body odors was similar under both conditions. Our findings suggest that although olfaction seems to contribute to accurate first impression judgments of certain personality traits, cosmetic use can affect assessments of others based on body odor.

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Polska wersja testu Sniffin’ Sticks – adaptacja i normalizacja

Abstract: The presented findings suggest that the adapted version of the Sniffin' Sticks Test might be used for both medical and research purposes in Poland.

Cited by 36 publications

References 46 publications

Updated Sniffin’ Sticks normative data based on an extended sample of 9139 subjects

Updated Sniffin’ Sticks normative data based on an extended sample of 9139 subjects

Development of the Lithuanian Version of Sniffin’ Sticks 12 Odor Identification Test

Body Odor Based Personality Judgments: The Effect of Fragranced Cosmetics

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