Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in healthy humans with different levels of contact with animals in Tunisia: genetic lineages, methicillin resistance, and virulence factors

Slama, Karim Ben; Gharsa, Haythem; Klibi, Naouel; Jouini, Ahlem; Lozano, Carmen; Gómez-Sanz, Elena; Zarazaga, Myriam; Boudabous, A.; Torres, Carmén

doi:10.1007/s10096-010-1109-6

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In pigs, the highest resistance was confirmed in case of DA, T, and CIP. Ben Slama et al (2011) detected the percentages of antimicrobial resistence (resistence genes) for T (22%), E (5%), CIP (14.5%) and SXT (2%), similarly to our study of humans isolates. The oxacillin-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (OS-MRSA) and the difference in results between methods (PCR method and disc diffusion method) have been already reported.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in cattle, sheep, goat, and pig rearing in the Czech Republic

et al. 2017

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The study focused on the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and resistant strains in livestock. In this study, 114 different samples from three cattle farms (84 from two farms of dairy cows and 30 from one farm of suckler cows), 132 samples from one sheep farm, 120 samples from one goat farm, and 82 samples from three pig farms were examined. Strains identified as Staphylococcus aureus were further analysed by the polymerase chain reaction method for detection of the mecA gene and for confirmation of the sequence type 398. Positive incidence of Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed in farms of suckler cows, sheep, goats and pigs. The incidence of methicilinresistant Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed at a goat farm, with all strains belonging to the sequence type 398. Repetitive element palindromic-polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to compare the relatedness of selected human and animal S. aureus strains at the goat and sheep farms. The obtained data from repetitive element-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed significant clonal similarity among the tested isolates and indicated the possibility of mutual transmission between animals or animal and human and possible transfer in the food chain. Breeding environment, food animals, methicillin resistant S. aureus

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in cattle, sheep, goat, and pig rearing in the Czech Republic

et al. 2017

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“…Although few studies have been performed on the epidemiology of LA-MRSA in Africa [18,[149][150][151][152], several lineages have been detected, such as the humanassociated ST5-SCCmec IV and ST88-SCCmec IV in pigs from Senegal [151] and ST153-SCCmec NT from healthy sheep in Tunisia [152]. Moreover, one veterinarian from Tunisia carried an ST80-SCCmec IVc isolate [153], but interestingly, human-associated S. aureus lineages have been described in chimpanzees, possibly as the result of humanosis [18].…”

Section: La-mrsa In Other Parts Of the Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock-Associated MRSA and Its Current Evolution

Butaye

Argudín

Smith

2016

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

116

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Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is a relatively recent phenomenon in veterinary medicine. Although in the beginning it was restricted to a single clonal complex (CC), CC398, it has expanded into several clonal complexes, and the diversity of subtypes in the clonal complexes is increasing also. The prevalence of each type is determined somewhat geographically; for instance, the most prevalent clonal complex in Europe is CC398, whereas in Asia, it is CC9. Although few data exist regarding North America, the situation appears to be mixed there. The SCCmec cassettes detected in LA-MRSA are limited mainly to SCCmec IVa and SCCmec V, although non-typeable cassettes and SCCmec type XI, containing mecC, also have been found.The source of the SCCmec in LA-MRSA was discovered to be animals. In searching from which bacteria the SCCmec cassettes in LA-MRSA have been transferred, the most obvious species to consider are the methicillin-resistant non-S. aureus staphylococci (MRNaS). However, very few data are available from those species in animals, and the data that do exist are not detailed enough to determine the origin. Nevertheless, similar cassettes were found in MRNaS, indicating a possible origin that needs to be investigated further.

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“…In Africa, carriage rates of 13.0% has been reported in Tunisia [18]; 29% in Gabon [19] and 18.3% in Kenya [20].…”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Associated Risk Factors among Students in a Nigerian University

Ayepola¹,

Taiwo²,

Anifowose³

et al. 2018

acta scient microb

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Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most frequently occurring community and hospital-associated pathogens, causes infectious diseases including mild skin infection to systemic infections [1].Approximately 20 -30% of the global population is persistently colonized with S. aureus in the anterior nares [2] and approximately 10 to 40% of people tested as outpatients or on admission are nasal carriers of S. aureus [3]. Nasal carriage (colonization) of S. aureus has been identified as a major risk factor for subsequent infections as carriers act as reservoirs for the pathogen assisting its spread in the community. Certain risk factors have been associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus and they include sex, occupation, age groups, ethnicity, hospitalization, nasal abnormalities, genetic makeup, immunological status, repeated needle injections, hormonal status in women, recent hospitalization, insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, haemodialysis, HIV status, S. aureus skin infections, nose picking and administration of multiple antibiotics [4,5]. The spread of colonization occurs especially in close contact areas like schools probably by contaminated hands and surfaces [6]. An understanding of the risk factors for carriage of S. aureus is crucial to understanding the potential for invasive infections and transmission of diseases cause by this pathogen. This is of importance because the increasing resistance of S. aureus to various antibiotics has been known to complicate the treatment of diseases caused by it [7]. In addition, the emergence and spread of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has aggravated the situation [8]. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of nasal carriage of S. aureus among University students, risk factors for nasal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the S. aureus isolates to selected antimicrobial agents Two-hundred and seventy-seven nasal samples were obtained from male and female undergraduate students who were not showing symptoms of any infection. After informed consent was obtained, a self-administered questionnaire [9] was given to each participant to collect information pertaining to demographics, contact with or exposure to potential S. aureus carriers, medication history, intravenous drug use and involvement in sporting activities. This was followed by a single screening nose swab for each volunteer using sterile, moistened cotton swabs. Materials and MethodsThe disk diffusion method was used to test the susceptibility of S. aureus isolates as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (CLSI, 2011) to the following antibiotics: ceftazidime, cloxacillin, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, Sample and Data CollectionNasal swabs were inoculated directly onto on mannitol salt agar (MSA), a selective medium for the isolation of S. aureus and the MSA plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Mannitolfermenting colonies that were yellow were selected from the MSA plates and subcultured on blood ...

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Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in healthy humans with different levels of contact with animals in Tunisia: genetic lineages, methicillin resistance, and virulence factors

Cited by 42 publications

References 38 publications

Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in cattle, sheep, goat, and pig rearing in the Czech Republic

Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in cattle, sheep, goat, and pig rearing in the Czech Republic

Livestock-Associated MRSA and Its Current Evolution

Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Associated Risk Factors among Students in a Nigerian University

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