Nasal Carriage of Epidemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus 15 (EMRSA-15) Clone Observed in Three Chicago-Area Long-Term Care Facilities

Das, Sanchita; Anderson, Christopher J.; Grayes, Althea; Mendoza, Katherine; Harazin, Maureen; Schora, Donna; Peterson, Lance R.

doi:10.1128/aac.00528-13

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In this study, differences in the antibacterial activities of ZnO-incorporated samples were apparent between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, presumably as a result of differences in the cell-wall structures: Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer (20–80 nm), whereas Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan (7–8 nm) and a second outer membrane. 52 In keeping with previous studies, 18−22,42,51 Gram-negative bacteria were found to be less susceptible to dye- and NP-incorporated polymeric surfaces. This may be due to the reduced penetration of radicals through the double cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Enhancing the Antibacterial Activity of Light-Activated Surfaces Containing Crystal Violet and ZnO Nanoparticles: Investigation of Nanoparticle Size, Capping Ligand, and Dopants

et al. 2016

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Healthcare-associated infections pose a serious risk for patients, staff, and visitors and are a severe burden on the National Health Service, costing at least £1 billion annually. Antimicrobial surfaces significantly contribute toward reducing the incidence of infections as they prevent bacterial adhesion and cause bacterial cell death. Using a simple, easily upscalable swell–encapsulation–shrink method, novel antimicrobial surfaces have been developed by incorporating metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and crystal violet (CV) dye into medical-grade polyurethane sheets. This study compares the bactericidal effects of polyurethane incorporating ZnO, Mg-doped ZnO, and MgO. All metal oxide NPs are well defined, with average diameters ranging from 2 to 18 nm. These materials demonstrate potent bactericidal activity when tested against clinically relevant bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, these composites are tested against an epidemic strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that is rife in hospitals throughout the UK. Furthermore, we have tested these materials using a low light intensity (∼500 lx), similar to that present in many clinical environments. The highest activity is achieved from polymer composites incorporating CV and ∼3 nm ZnO NPs, and the different performances of the metal oxides have been discussed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Enhancing the Antibacterial Activity of Light-Activated Surfaces Containing Crystal Violet and ZnO Nanoparticles: Investigation of Nanoparticle Size, Capping Ligand, and Dopants

et al. 2016

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“…8,10,19,22,43 Furthermore, EMRSA-15 has also been reported in other non-European countries, such as USA, 15 India, 14 and Malaysia; 20 however, in these locations it was not the predominant clone. EMRSA-15 has been recently reported to be found in high rates also in community settings in Portugal, suggesting the spillover of the clone from nosocomial settings into the community.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Massive Dissemination of Methicillin ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin Bloodstream Infections in a High MRSA Prevalence Country: Establishment and Diversification of EMRSA-15

Faria

Miragaia

Lencastre

2013

Microbial Drug Resistance

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Portugal is the European country with the highest prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), in which EMRSA-15 (ST22-IVh) has been the dominant clone since soon after its introduction in Portuguese hospitals in 2001. In this study, we intend to not only, assess the evolution of the invasive MRSA in Portuguese hospitals, but also to evaluate the invasive methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) population and the relationship between both populations. In the current study, two major MRSA clones were identified: EMRSA-15 that has been dominant for more than 10 years and accounts for 75% of the MRSA isolates, and ST105-II, a clone related with the New York/Japan clone (ST5-II). In contrast, among MSSA, several clonal backgrounds were identified. Despite of the massive predominance of EMRSA-15 in the last decade, an increase in spa diversity has been observed in the last few years, which suggests a recent and local diversification of this clone. Interestingly, MRSA and MSSA populations with related clonal backgrounds appear to have increased as a result of the dissemination of MRSA to the community environment.

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“…A total of 991 positive cases from 172 different strains were confirmed, and the most prevalent strain was UK EMRSA-15 (289 cases). UK EMRSA-15 is present in 16 countries worldwide (Grundmann et al, 2010; Das et al, 2013). Here, we focus on this specific strain.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address these issues, here we develop an agent-based network model-Bayesian inference system for estimating unobserved colonization and importation rates from simple incidence records. We use this system to infer the transmission dynamics of the most commonly diagnosed MRSA strain, UK EMRSA-15 (Grundmann et al, 2010; Das et al, 2013), from multiple Swedish hospitals (Materials and methods). Key features estimated include the number of infections acquired in hospital and imported from outside, as well as the locations of individuals with a high colonization probability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inference and control of the nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Pei

Morone

Liljeros

et al. 2018

eLife

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a continued threat to human health in both community and healthcare settings. In hospitals, control efforts would benefit from accurate estimation of asymptomatic colonization and infection importation rates from the community. However, developing such estimates remains challenging due to limited observation of colonization and complicated transmission dynamics within hospitals and the community. Here, we develop an inference framework that can estimate these key quantities by combining statistical filtering techniques, an agent-based model, and real-world patient-to-patient contact networks, and use this framework to infer nosocomial transmission and infection importation over an outbreak spanning 6 years in 66 Swedish hospitals. In particular, we identify a small number of patients with disproportionately high risk of colonization. In retrospective control experiments, interventions targeted to these individuals yield a substantial improvement over heuristic strategies informed by number of contacts, length of stay and contact tracing.

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Nasal Carriage of Epidemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus 15 (EMRSA-15) Clone Observed in Three Chicago-Area Long-Term Care Facilities

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Enhancing the Antibacterial Activity of Light-Activated Surfaces Containing Crystal Violet and ZnO Nanoparticles: Investigation of Nanoparticle Size, Capping Ligand, and Dopants

Enhancing the Antibacterial Activity of Light-Activated Surfaces Containing Crystal Violet and ZnO Nanoparticles: Investigation of Nanoparticle Size, Capping Ligand, and Dopants

Massive Dissemination of Methicillin ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin Bloodstream Infections in a High MRSA Prevalence Country: Establishment and Diversification of EMRSA-15

Inference and control of the nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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