Narrative overview of animal and human brucellosis in Morocco: intensification of livestock production as a driver for emergence?

Ducrotoy, Marie J.; Ammary, Khaoula; Lbacha, Hicham Ait; Zouagui, Zaid; Mick, Virginie; Prevost, Laura; Bryssinckx, Ward; Welburn, Susan C.; Benkirane, A.

doi:10.1186/s40249-015-0086-5

Cited by 46 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This disease is caused by the genus Brucella . The economically most important species are B. melitensis and B. abortus having a high potential of human infection [3] affecting small ruminants and cattle respectively [7]. Transmission from animals to humans occurs usually due to consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products or direct contact with infected animal especially during parturition, with direct contact with placentas or aborted fetuses [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley Fever in humans and livestock in Somali region, Ethiopia

Ibrahim

Schelling

Zinsstag

et al. 2020

Preprint

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14Information on zoonotic diseases in humans and livestock are limited in pastoral/agro-pastoral 15 communities in Ethiopia. A multi-stage cross sectional cluster design study was implemented with the 16 aim to establish the seroprevalence of zoonotic diseases including brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley 17 Fever (RVF) in humans and livestock in Adadle woreda of the Somali region, Ethiopia. Blood samples 18 were collected from humans and livestock and tested by relevant serological tests. For brucellosis, 19 Rose Bengal test (RBT) and indirect ELISA was used for screening and confirmatory diagnosis 20 respectively. Indirect and competitive ELISA were also used for Q-fever and RVF respectively. The 21 individual seropositivity of Q-fever in livestock was 9.6% (95% CI 5.9-15.1) in cattle, 55.7% (95% CI 22 46.0-65.0) in camels, 48.8% (95% CI 42.5-55.0) in goats, and 28.9% (95% CI 25.0-33.2) in sheep. In 23 humans, seropositivity of Q-fever was 27.0% (95% CI 20.4-34.0), with prevalence in males of 28.9% vs 24 24.2% in females (OR= 1.3; 95% CI 0.6-2.5). Camel seropositivity of Q-fever was significantly associated 25 with age (OR= 8.1; 95% CI 2.8-23.7). The individual apparent seroprevalence of RVF was 13.2% (95% 2 26 CI 8.7-18.8) in humans, 17.9 % (95% CI 11.0-27.8) in cattle, 42.6% (95% CI 34.8-50.7) in camels, 6.3% 27 (95% CI 3.3-11.6) in goats and 7.4% (95% CI 4.7-11.5) in sheep. Camels had the highest seropositivity 28 of both Q-fever (55.7%; 95% CI 46.0-65.0) and RVF (42.6%; 95% CI 34.8-50.7). Only a weak correlation 29 was observed between human and livestock seropositivity for both Q-fever and RVF. Only cattle and 30 camels were seropositive for brucellosis by iELISA. The individual seroprevalence of brucellosis was 31 2.8(0.9-6.4) in humans, 1.5% (95% CI 0.2-5.2) in cattle and 0.6% (95% CI 0.0-3.2) in camels. This study 32showed the importance of zoonoses in Somali regional state and is the first published study to describe 33 RVF exposure in humans and livestock in the country. Collaboration between public and animal health 34 sectors for further investigation on these zoonoses using the One Health concept is indispensable. 35

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley Fever in humans and livestock in Somali region, Ethiopia

Ibrahim

Schelling

Zinsstag

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Brucellosis is transmitted to humans following direct contact with infected animals or indirectly through the consumption of unpasteurized animal products (Deshmukh et al, 2015). The disease causes severe morbidity in humans and results in many medical challenges globally, especially in poor regions (Corbel, 1997; Pappas et al, 2006; Ducrotoy et al, 2015). Furthermore, animal brucellosis causes abortion and infertility in livestock, resulting in serious economic losses (Araj, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MLVA Genotyping Characteristics of Human Brucella melitensis Isolated from Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia, China

Liu

Wang

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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Brucellosis is a serious public health problem in Ulanqab, which is a region located in the middle of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region adjacent to Shanxi and Hebei provinces. The disease is prevalent in both the latter provinces and Ulanqab with the highest prevalence of brucellosis occurring in Inner Mongolia. The MLVA-16 scheme is a genotyping tool for assessing genetic diversity and relationships among isolates. Moreover, this genotyping tool can also be applied to epidemiological trace-back investigations. This study reports the occurrence of at least two B. melitensis biovars (1 and 3) in Ulanqab, encompassing 22 and 94 isolates, respectively. B. melitensis biovar 3 was the predominant biovar in the area examined. Panel 1 (MLVA-8) identified three genotypes (42, 63, and 114), with genotype 42 (n = 101) representing 87% of the tested strains. MLVA-11 identified eight genotypes (116, 111, 297, 291, and 342–345) from 116 of the analyzed isolates. All of these isolates were identified as belonging to the East Mediterranean group. Genotype 116 (n = 94) was the predominant genotype and represented 81% of the isolates. The isolates pertaining to this genotype were distributed throughout most of Ulanqab and neighboring regions. The MLVA-16 scheme showed the presence of 69 genotypes, with 46 genotypes being represented by single isolates. This analysis revealed that Ulanqab brucellosis cases had epidemiologically unrelated and sporadic characteristics. The remaining 23 genotypes were shared (between a total of 70 isolates) with each genotype being represented by two to eight isolates. These data indicate that these cases were epidemiologically related. MLVA genotyping confirmed the occurrence of a multipoint outbreak epidemic and intrafamilial brucellosis. Extensive genotype-sharing events were observed among isolates from different regions of Ulanqab and from other provinces of China. These findings suggest either a lack of control of animal movement between different regions or the circulation of contaminated animal products in the market. Our study is the first comprehensive genotyping and genetic analysis of B. melitensis in Ulanqab. We believe that this study will help to improve the effectiveness of brucellosis control programs.

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“…A supply-driven approach balances animal requirements with feed production [85] by matching the system to locally available feed resources, in addition to implementing reproductive management and breeding programmes which complement the characteristics of the region alongside health control programmes [54]; the recent link between the re-emergence of brucellosis, a zoonotic disease, and intensification of livestock production in Morocco [86] in addition to the association of production diseases with intensification [87], highlights the latter element. In this approach, pasture utilisation and alternative feed sources are related to the kidding season [32] and could be more effective than sophisticated genetic improvement programmes [88].…”

Section: Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensification of Mediterranean Goat Production Systems: A Case Study in Northern Morocco

et al. 2016

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Goats are important contributors to both food and financial security of the resource poor, particularly in marginal environments such as those in the Mediterranean region. To fully understand the feasibility and potential consequences of any intensification or husbandry changes that could contribute to higher outputs, it is important to have a thorough prior understanding of the functional dynamics of these systems. Here the current performance of ten goat holdings in the northern region of Morocco, classified as either commercial milk producers, commercial cheese producers or non-commercial dairy producers, was recorded, based on the Food and Agricultural Organisation and International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (FAO-CIHEAM) technical and economic indicators, to assess whether intensification of dairy production was financially viable. Fecundity and prolificacy rates were comparatively lower than those achieved by many European Mediterranean herds. Both kid and doe mortality were higher on commercial dairy holdings, where dairy sales provided an additional, rather than alternative, source of income to goat sales. Despite this, due to significantly higher expenditure on supplementary feed, gross margin per doe did not differ significantly between holding types. With the exception of indigenous Greek herds, all European Mediterranean herds outperform those of northern Morocco. The study suggests that a low level of supplementary feeding is constraining goat dairy production in northern Morocco, and that the current high cost and limited availability of additional supplementary feed restricts the financial viability of intensification. Alternative feeding strategies within a participatory approach that might ameliorate these problems, and value chain constraints, are discussed.

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Narrative overview of animal and human brucellosis in Morocco: intensification of livestock production as a driver for emergence?

Cited by 46 publications

References 47 publications

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley Fever in humans and livestock in Somali region, Ethiopia

Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley Fever in humans and livestock in Somali region, Ethiopia

MLVA Genotyping Characteristics of Human Brucella melitensis Isolated from Ulanqab of Inner Mongolia, China

Intensification of Mediterranean Goat Production Systems: A Case Study in Northern Morocco

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