An estimated 5.1 million children under the age of 18 live with at least one unauthorized parent (Zong et al., 2019). Of these children over 4.5 million are U.S. citizens with at least one unauthorized parent, and about 959,000 children under the age of 18 do not have citizenship, permanent-resident status, refugee status, or any of the temporary statuses provided by the United States for long-term residence and work (Capps et al., 2016;Zong et al., 2019). In short, they are unauthorized migrants. As such, over a quarter (28%) of the 18.7 million first-and second-generation children and youth in the United States (Child Trends, 2013) are growing up directly affected by unauthorized status-either their own or their parents'. While they originate in multiple countries, those of Mexican and Central American origin represent the largest groups (Krogstad & Passel, 2015). Historically most crossed over the borders without inspection and the proper authorization. Indeed, recently, visa overstayers (immigrants who arrive with visas and become unauthorized as the visas expire) have surpassed those crossing the border without inspection (Warren & Kerwin, 2017).A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that on average, relative to their authorized peers, children and youth with unauthorized status reveal less positive educational outcomes (Bean et al., 2011) as well as less positive mental health outcomes (Potochnick & Perreira, 2010) after adjusting for indicators of socioeconomic status. Moreover, the developmental issues associated with unauthorized status are not limited to youth who are unauthorized themselves. Research has indicated that having an unauthorized parent is associated with several concerning developmental and educational vulnerabilities in U.S.-born children and youth (Yoshikawa et al., 2017).Like all immigrants, many children and youth with unauthorized status demonstrate an array of strengths including hope (Bahena, 2014), optimism (Kao & Tienda, 1995), motivation, and resilience (Perez et al., 2009). Nonetheless, the conferred societal disadvantage imposed upon these youths suggests clear increased risks (Yoshikawa et al., 2017). Children growing up in unauthorized families show higher levels of internalizing (e.g., depression, anxiety, withdrawal) as well as externalizing (aggression and acting out) behavioral problems relative to their counterparts with authorized or citizen status (Potochnick & Perreira, 2010;Yoshikawa et al., 2017). These domains of compromise include lower levels of cognitive development, academic achievement, and educational progress across early and middle childhood (Ortega et al., 2007) and into young adulthood (Yoshikawa et al., 2017). With the recent intensification of explicitly anti-immigrant federal policies (Kulish et al., 2017) as well as a postelection anti-immigration climate (Saldaña et al., 2018), these issues are of pressing concern (Rogers et al., 2019).This chapter is grounded upon an application of stress theories (including traumatic, toxic, acculturative, and...