Napaeozapus insignis

Whitaker, John O.; Wrigley, Robert E.

doi:10.2307/3503916

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Emergence of males from hibernation before females is well documented for N. insignis (Preble 1956;Wrigley 1972;Becker 1980). This pattern appears widespread among hibernating small mammals (e.g., 2. hudsonius: Quimby 195 1 ;Whitaker 1963a;2.…”

Section: Length Of Active Seasonmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…These results contrast with those of Becker (1980) and Kirkland and Kirkland (1979) who found that N. insignis exhibited high year-to-year population stability. Wrigley (1972) suggested that overwinter mortality may reduce population size of N. insignis considerably and pointed out that young mice are less likely to hibernate successfully than adults that have more time to accumulate fat reserves. Our data did not permit separation of mortality and emigration, and therefore year-to-year survival rates represent minimum estimates.…”

Section: Abundance and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although the natural history of this species in some parts of its range is well documented (Brower and Cade 1966;Wrigley 1972), little information exists on year-to-year survival and fluctuations in abundance or on mechanisms of population regulation. Such information, from different parts of a species' range, is essen-'Present address: The Bellairs Research Institute of McGill University, St. James, Barbados. tial to determine the selective pressures acting on life history traits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life history characteristics and movements of the woodland jumping mouse, Napaeozapus insignis, in Nova Scotia

Ovaska¹,

Herman²

1988

Can. J. Zool.

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1988. Life history characteristics and movements of the woodland jumping mouse, Napaeozapus insignis, in Nova Scotia. Can. J. Zool. 66: 1752 -1762. We examined abundance, reproduction, movements, and adult -juvenile interactions of Napaeozapus insignis in a 5-year mark -recapture study in Nova Scotia. Densities of N. insignis varied greatly between years, mainly as a result of variation in overwintering survival of juveniles and breeding success of females. Year-to-year survival rates of adults were relatively constant (approximately 26%), whereas those of juveniles fluctuated widely. Adult females produced only one litter per season, and no juvenile reproduced in the summer of her birth. Length of the active season was 12-17 weeks, and timing of emergence from hibernation varied little from year to year. Males emerged from hibernation 15-33 days earlier than females, and their captures were clustered along portions of the transects adjacent to steep slopes, which may have provided well-drained hibernation sites. The overall sex ratio did not differ from 1: 1 , but in May it was biased towards males, and in July and August adult females outnumbered adult males. Distances moved by adult males and females within 24 h were similar (mean for males = 97 m, for females = 61 m), but home ranges of males between June and August were greater than those of females (mean distance between two farthest captures for males = 447 m, for females = 175 m). Results from a removal experiment, as well as examination of trapping records, indicated that adult females inhibited early capture of juveniles when densities of adults were high. We suggest that the suite of life history traits (long life-span, late maturity, infrequent reproduction) that northern zapodids exhibit relative to southern zapodids is best explained by a bet-hedging hypothesis. Long winters and short summers in the north contribute to low and unpredictable overwintering survival of juveniles. By directing energy from reproduction into accumulation of hibernation fat, adults increase their chances of surviving to breed again the next summer and thus decrease the probability of leaving no young at all. OVASKA, K., et HERMAN, T. B. 1988. Life history characteristics and movements of the woodland jumping mouse, Napaeozapus insignis, in Nova Scotia. Can. J. Zool. 66 : 1752 -1762. Une Ctude d'une dude de 5 ans effectuCe par marquage-recapture a permis d'Cvaluer l'abondance, la reproduction, les dkplacements et les interactions entre petits et adultes chez Napaeozapus insignis. Les densitCs de N. insignis ont accusC des fluctuations considCrables d'une annCe B l'autre, en grande partie B cause de variations importantes dans la survie des jeunes et le succks reproducteur des femelles. Les taux de survie des adultes sont demeurCs relativement constants d'une annCe B l'autre (environ 26%), alors que les taux de survie des jeunes se sont avCrCs trks variables. Les femelles adultes ne produisaient qu'une portCe par saison, et aucune femelle juvCnile ne s'est reproduite durant ...

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Section: Length Of Active Seasonmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Abundance and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life history characteristics and movements of the woodland jumping mouse, Napaeozapus insignis, in Nova Scotia

Ovaska¹,

Herman²

1988

Can. J. Zool.

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“…occur in the same habitats. In eastern North America, the woodland jumping mouse (Napaeozapus insignis) occupies the same habitats (Whitaker and Wrigley 1972;Vickery 1981). Several Microtus species as well as heather voles (Phenacomys spp.)…”

Section: Geographical Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dynamics of red-backed voles (Myodes) in North America

Boonstra

Krebs

2011

Oecologia

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We review the population dynamics of red-backed voles (Myodes species) in North America, the main deciduous and coniferous forest-dwelling microtines on this continent, and compare and contrast their pattern with that of the same or similar species in Eurasia. We identify 7 long-term studies of population changes in Myodes in North America. Using autoregressive and spectral analysis, we found that only 2 of the 7 show 3- to 5-year cycles like those found in some Eurasian populations. There was no relationship between latitude and cycling. The general lack of cyclicity is associated with two key aspects of their demography that act in tandem: first, poor overwinter survival in most years; second, chronically low densities, with irregular outbreak years. Eight factors might explain why some Myodes populations fluctuate in cycles and others fluctuate irregularly, and we review the evidence for each factor: food supplies, nutrients, predation, interspecific competition, disease, weather, spacing behavior and interactive effects. Of these eight, only food supplies appear to be sufficient to explain the differences between cyclic and non-cyclic populations. Irregular fluctuations are the result of pulsed food supplies in the form of berry crops (M. rutilus) or tree seeds (M. gapperi) linked to weather patterns. We argue that, to understand the cause for the patterns in the respective hemispheres, we must know the mechanism(s) driving population change and this must be linked to rigorous field tests. We suggest that a large-scale, year-round feeding experiment should improve overwintering survival, increase standing densities, and flip non-cyclic Myodes populations into cyclic dynamics that would mimic the patterns seen in the cyclic populations found in parts of Eurasia.

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“…Finally, Candace Lane and Theresa Patterson nurtured me and the paper through the data collection, analysis, and proof reading stages. *The following references were used to produce the above species list: Balch 1933/34, Peterson 1955, Whitaker and Wrigley 1972, Woods 1973, Banfield 1974, Dagg 1974, Long 1974, Mech 1974, Bekoff 1977, Jenkins and Busher 1979, Kirkland 1981, Merritt 1981, Tranzmann 1981, Wooding 1982, King 1983, Macdonald 1984, Wells-Gosling and Heaney 1984, Forsyth 1985 t Most body masses were taken from the Forsyth (1985) reference above and confirmed by other references where available.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐Scale Morphology, Geometry, and Dynamics of Ecosystems

Holling¹

1992

Ecological Monographs

1,262

715

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Abstract. This paper tests the proposition that a small set of plant, animal, and abiotic processes structure >systems across scales in time and space. Earlier studies have suggested that these key structuring processes ablish a small number of dominant temporal frequencies that entrain other processes. These frequencies en differ from each other by at least an order of magnitude. If true, ecosystems therefore will have a few minant frequencies that are endogenously driven and that are discontinuously distributed. This paper additionally tests the proposition that these structuring processes should also generate a disconuous distribution of spatial structures coupled with the discontinuous frequencies. If that is the case, animals ing in specific landscapes should demonstrate the existence of this lumpy architecture by showing gaps in the >tribution of their sizes. This proved to be the case for birds and mammals of the boreal region forest and : short-grass prairie. Alternative hypotheses to explain the body mass clumps include architectural, develmental, historical, and trophic causes. These were all tested by comparing body-mass clump distributions (1) ecosystems having different spatial structures (forest, grassland, and marine pelagic) and (2) in different animal mps having different body plans (birds and mammals) or feeding habits (carnivore, omnivore, and herbivore). 1e only hypothesis that could not be rejected is that the body-mass clumps are entrained by discontinuous :rarchical structures and textures of the landscape. There is evidence for at least eight distinct habitat "quanta," :h defined by a distinct texture at a specific range of scales. These eight quanta together cover tens of centimetres hundreds of kilometres in space and at least months to millennia in time.There is a striking similarity, but not identity, between the clump structure of prairie and boreal animals. 1is indicates that many processes that form qualitative habitat structure are common to both landscapes or >systems, but a few are landscape specific, particularly over larger scales. That conclusion is extended to all restrial ecosystems by an analysis of the body-mass clump structure of all North American birds. In contrast, there are striking differences in clump structure between landscapes and "waterscapes," indicating 1t fundamentally different processes shape structure in terrestrial and open ocean systems. The discontinuous body-mass structure provides a bioassay of discontinuous ecosystem structure. Mamllian carnivores, omnivores, and herbivores all show the same number of body-mass clumps, and the gaps these distributions occur at the same body masses. Mammals and birds show the same number of bodyiSS clumps, but the mass gaps for mammals occur at larger sizes than those for birds in such a way that the ~-transformed body-mass gaps for mammals are correlated linearly with those for birds. Hence there is a nple cross-calibration between the mammal and bird bioassays.I compiled and analyzed published data on home ranges i...

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Napaeozapus insignis

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Life history characteristics and movements of the woodland jumping mouse, Napaeozapus insignis, in Nova Scotia

Life history characteristics and movements of the woodland jumping mouse, Napaeozapus insignis, in Nova Scotia

Population dynamics of red-backed voles (Myodes) in North America

Cross‐Scale Morphology, Geometry, and Dynamics of Ecosystems

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