Nanotoxicology in Medicine

Saxena, Shailendra K.; Nyodu, Rajni; Kumar, Sanjeev; Maurya, Vimal K.

doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9898-9_20

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Contrastingly, vertical transmission occurs when the virus is passed directly from an infected mother to her pregnant or newborn child. 12 HIV/AIDS transmission dynamics has piqued the interest of applied mathematicians, epidemiologists [13][14][15][16] and biologists [17][18][19][20][21][22] due to the disease's worldwide menace. Various improvements have been made to May and Anderson's early models, [23][24][25] and particular issues have been discussed by researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of mathematical modeling is foremost among these techniques. [16][17][18][19] Although many articles 20 have studied the impact of different controls; however, none of them have incorporated human behavior in response to information. Hence, this study identifies the threshold for effective reduction of HIV/AIDS, as a result of HIV unaware individuals and consequent effective follow up in the use treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Qualitative analysis of HIV and AIDS disease transmission: impact of awareness, testing and effective follow up

et al. 2022

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Background: Since the early 1980s, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its accompanying acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have spread worldwide, becoming one of the world's major global health issues. From the beginning of the epidemic until 2020, about 79.3 million people became infected, with 36.3 million deaths due to AIDS illnesses. This huge figure is a result of those unaware of their status due to stigmatization and invariably spreading the virus unknowingly. Methods: Qualitative analysis through a mathematical model that will address HIV unaware individuals and the effect of an increasing defaulter on the dynamics of HIV/AIDS was investigated. The impact of treatment and the effect of inefficient follow-up on the transmission of HIV/AIDS were examined. The threshold for the effective reduction of the unaware status of HIV through testing, in response to awareness, and the significance of effective non-defaulting in treatment commonly called defaulters loss to follow-up as these individuals contribute immensely to the spread of the virus due to their increase in CD4+ count was determined in this study. Stability analysis of equilibrium points is performed using the basic reproduction number $R_0$, an epidemiological threshold that determines disease eradication or persistence in viral populations. We tested the most sensitive parameters in the basic reproduction numbers. The model of consideration in this study is based on the assumption that information (awareness) and non-stigmatization can stimulate change in the behaviours of infected individuals, and can lead to an increase in testing and adherence to treatment. This will in turn reduce the basic reproduction number, and consequently, the spread of the virus. Results: The results portray that the early identification and treatment are inadequate for the illness to be eradicated. Conclusions: Other control techniques, such as treatment adherence and effective condom usage, should be investigated in order to lessen the disease's burden.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative analysis of HIV and AIDS disease transmission: impact of awareness, testing and effective follow up

et al. 2022

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“…In contrast, biosensors may have a wider linear working range, higher sensitivity, and lower limits of detection (LOD) [174]. These autonomous devices integrate materials and biomolecules coupled with transducers that transform the physical, chemical, or biological interaction of the bioreceptors and the analyte into a quantifiable signal for the selective and specific detection of molecular targets (analytes) [175][176][177][178][179]. These devices are characterized by high sensitivity, low LOD, and high specificity derived from the combination of the properties of nanomaterials and biological recognition systems [180].…”

Section: Monitoring Signatures Of Biomarkers With Biosensors In the C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrochemical biosensors are widely explored due to their amenability to miniaturization, offering portability and thus new opportunities for POC detection. These biosensors measure physicochemical or biological bioreceptor-target interactions by changes in electrical properties at the electrode-solution interface [177,178]. Advances in their development include modifying carbon, gold, and platinumbased electrodes with a wide variety of nanomaterials to improve their electroanalytical properties [186], increasing the surface area-to-volume ratio, creating stable and favorable microenvironments for the maintenance of the analytical biomolecule's structure, reducing LOD and response times and increasing the biosensor stability.…”

Section: Monitoring Signatures Of Biomarkers With Biosensors In the C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of COVID-19-related biomarkers by electrochemical biosensors and potential for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of the course of the disease in the context of personalized medicine

Vásquez

Orozco

2022

Anal Bioanal Chem

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As a more efficient and effective way to address disease diagnosis and intervention, cutting-edge technologies, devices, therapeutic approaches, and practices have emerged within the personalized medicine concept depending on the particular patient's biology and the molecular basis of the disease. Personalized medicine is expected to play a pivotal role in assessing disease risk or predicting response to treatment, understanding a person's health status, and, therefore, health care decision-making. This work discusses electrochemical biosensors for monitoring multiparametric biomarkers at different molecular levels and their potential to elucidate the health status of an individual in a personalized manner. In particular, and as an illustration, we discuss several aspects of the infection produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a current health care concern worldwide. This includes SARS-CoV-2 structure, mechanism of infection, biomarkers, and electrochemical biosensors most commonly explored for diagnostics, prognostics, and potentially assessing the risk of complications in patients in the context of personalized medicine. Finally, some concluding remarks and perspectives hint at the use of electrochemical biosensors in the frame of other cutting-edge converging/emerging technologies toward the inauguration of a new paradigm of personalized medicine. Graphical abstract

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“…There are various underlying concerns posing the issues of toxicity of nanoscale formulations for biomedical applications. Among some of the major concerns [ 86 ] to be addressed are: (i) Genetic toxicity, caused by factors such as DNA damage, mutation, protein adducts, enzyme function dysregulation; (ii) Molecular toxicity, caused by factors such as structural alterations in proteins, conformational changes in protein folding, etc. ; (iii) Cellular toxicity, caused by methods such as oxidative stress, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in cell motility, cellular binding and persistence, inflammation or tumor angiogenesis; (iv) Tissue toxicity, such as severe inflammation caused by accumulation of nanoparticles in the lungs, or hepatotoxicity caused by positively charged lipid nanoparticles; (v) Physico-chemical toxicity, caused by factors such as the size, shape, surface area, functional groups, mechanism of action of nanoparticles, as well as the route of administration and the physiological microenvironment in which these nanomaterials are delivered.…”

Section: Challenges To Applications Of Nanomaterials In Biomedicine: ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials in diagnostics, imaging and delivery: Applications from COVID-19 to cancer

Bardhan

2022

MRS Communications

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In the past two decades, the emergence of nanomaterials for biomedical applications has shown tremendous promise for changing the paradigm of all aspects of disease management. Nanomaterials are particularly attractive for being a modularly tunable system; with the ability to add functionality for early diagnostics, drug delivery, therapy, treatment and monitoring of patient response. In this review, a survey of the landscape of different classes of nanomaterials being developed for applications in diagnostics and imaging, as well as for the delivery of prophylactic vaccines and therapeutics such as small molecules and biologic drugs is undertaken; with a particular focus on COVID-19 diagnostics and vaccination. Work involving bio-templated nanomaterials for high-resolution imaging applications for early cancer detection, as well as for optimal cancer treatment efficacy, is discussed. The main challenges which need to be overcome from the standpoint of effective delivery and mitigating toxicity concerns are investigated. Subsequently, a section is included with resources for researchers and practitioners in nanomedicine, to help tailor their designs and formulations from a clinical perspective. Finally, three key areas for researchers to focus on are highlighted; to accelerate the development and clinical translation of these nanomaterials, thereby unleashing the true potential of nanomedicine in healthcare. Graphical abstract

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Nanotoxicology in Medicine

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Qualitative analysis of HIV and AIDS disease transmission: impact of awareness, testing and effective follow up

Qualitative analysis of HIV and AIDS disease transmission: impact of awareness, testing and effective follow up

Detection of COVID-19-related biomarkers by electrochemical biosensors and potential for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of the course of the disease in the context of personalized medicine

Nanomaterials in diagnostics, imaging and delivery: Applications from COVID-19 to cancer

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