Nanotoxicology and Its Remediation

Engineered Nanomaterials: The Challenges and Opportunities for Nanomedicines

“…Several health complications such as inhalation toxicity, cardiovascular, hepatotoxicity, neurodegenerative, and carcinogenicity of ENMs positioned it as a health threat in nanomedicine applications. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] One of the challenges in resolving toxicity in ENMs is the difficulties to standardize and implement the method that reflects the real toxicity of organs and the exposure root in which the ENMs entered the body. 24,25,28 The exposure roots include lung, skin, and mucous membranes, endothelium and blood cell components in addition to different organ toxicity, such as spleen, liver, nervous system, heart, and kidney.…”

“…[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] One of the challenges in resolving toxicity in ENMs is the difficulties to standardize and implement the method that reflects the real toxicity of organs and the exposure root in which the ENMs entered the body. 24,25,28 The exposure roots include lung, skin, and mucous membranes, endothelium and blood cell components in addition to different organ toxicity, such as spleen, liver, nervous system, heart, and kidney. 71,72 Once ENMs have entered the body as drug delivery or diagnostic tools, they induce physicochemical interactions with the immunology mechanisms in blood, muscle tissue, liver, spleen, and kidney.…”

“…In this stage, the toxicological profile of ENMs and their toxicological mechanisms are under-explored. 27 , 28 …”

“…In this stage, the toxicological profile of ENMs and their toxicological mechanisms are under-explored. 27,28 Nanotoxicology studies the inter-reactions between ENMs and biological surroundings. 29,30 The scope of this field focuses mainly on the investigation of the correlations between ENMs toxicity and adversarial biological responses to their physicochemical properties and surface chemistry.…”