Nanotechnology between the lab and the shop floor: what are the effects on labor?

Invernizzi, Noela

doi:10.1007/s11051-011-0333-z

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Roco [1,2] pleaded for investment in nanotechnology education as an integral part of nanotechnology research programmes worldwide. From a critical perspective, Invernizzi and Foladori stressed the foreseen implications of the emergence of nanotechnology industry for low-skilled labour in traditional sectors, in particular in developing countries (e.g., [3][4][5]). Stephan et al [6] analysed the early stage labour market for highly skilled nanotechnology workers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-education from a European perspective: nano-training for non-R&D jobs

Malsch

2014

Nanotechnology Reviews

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This article presents results of a study on the need for nanotechnology education and training in a variety of organisations in Europe. The organisations are active in dialogue and communication, regulation, or promotion of science, technology and innovation (ST&I). These new data are presented in the framework of recent trends in European Union policies governing education in nanotechnology.Respondents from all areas expressed interest in learning about nanoscience, nanomaterials, nanorisk assessment, and legal and social aspects of nanotechnology, preferably in their mother tongue. Most organisations active in dialogue and communication and regulation tend to be interested in specific aspects of nanotechnology that enter their agenda for a short time, and then shift focus to other topics that may not be related to nanotechnology. Respondents in ST&I promotion either need only superficial knowledge about nanotechnology (for government policy makers) or very in-depth knowledge about new trends in nanotechnology and their societal and economic aspects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-education from a European perspective: nano-training for non-R&D jobs

Malsch

2014

Nanotechnology Reviews

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“…These materials have moved beyond small, laboratory-scale syntheses to large-scale production and manufacturing methods (Invernizzi, 2011). Applications for CNTs and CNFs include advanced composite materials, batteries, fuel cells, and electronics-such as memory devices and flat panel displays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure Assessment in Carbon Nanotube and Nanofiber Primary and Secondary Manufacturers: Mobile Direct-Reading Sampling

Dahm

Evans

Schubauer‐Berigan

et al. 2012

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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Research Significance-Toxicological evidence suggests the potential for a wide range of health effects from exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs). To date, there has been much focus on the use of direct-reading instruments (DRIs) to assess multiple airborne exposure metrics for potential exposures to CNTs and CNFs due to their ease of use and ability to provide instantaneous results. Still, uncertainty exists in the usefulness and interpretation of the data. To address this gap, air-monitoring was conducted at six sites identified as CNT and CNF manufacturers or users and results were compared with filter-based metrics.Methods-Particle number, respirable mass, and active surface area concentrations were monitored with a condensation particle counter, a photometer, and a diffusion charger, respectively. The instruments were placed on a mobile cart and used as area monitors in parallel with filter-based elemental carbon (EC) and electron microscopy samples. Repeat samples were collected on consecutive days, when possible, during the same processes. All instruments in this study are portable and routinely used for industrial hygiene sampling.Results-Differences were not observed among the various sampled processes compared with concurrent indoor or outdoor background samples while examining the different DRI exposure metrics. Such data were also inconsistent with results for filter-based samples collected concurrently at the same sites [Dahm MM, Evans DE, Schubauer-Berigan MK et al. (2012) Occupational exposure assessment in CNT and nanofiber primary and secondary manufacturers. Ann Occup Hyg; 56: 542-56]. Significant variability was seen between these processes as well as the indoor and outdoor backgrounds. However, no clear pattern emerged linking the DRI results to the EC or the microscopy data (CNT and CNF structure counts). *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1-513-458-7136; fax: +1-513-841-4486; mdahm@cdc.gov. Disclaimer-The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the NIOSH. Mention of any company name or product does not constitute endorsement by NIOSH. Conclusions-Overall, no consistent trends were seen among similar processes at the various sites. The DRI instruments employed were limited in their usefulness in assessing and quantifying potential exposures at the sampled sites but were helpful for hypothesis generation, control technology evaluations, and other air quality issues. The DRIs employed are nonspecific, aerosol monitors, and, therefore, subject to interferences. As such, it is necessary to collect samples for analysis by more selective, time-integrated, laboratory-based methods to confirm and quantify exposures. HHS Public Access

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“…[40][41][42] In this study, we report that MMP-10 serves a beneficial function during the acute-phase response to MWCNT by promoting clearance and moderating the pro-inflammatory, fibrotic, and apoptotic effects of MWCNT in both resident alveolar macrophages and BMDM.…”

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confidence: 80%

Stromelysin-2 (MMP-10) facilitates clearance and moderates inflammation and cell death following lung exposure to long multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Vandivort

Birkland

Domiciano

et al. 2017

IJN

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Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are nanomaterials composed of multiple layers of graphene cylinders with unique properties that make them valuable for a number of industries. However, rising global production has led to concerns regarding potential occupational exposures to them as raw materials during handling. This is especially true for long MWCNT fibers, whose aspect ratio has been posited to initiate pathology similar to that of asbestos. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class of extracellular endopeptidases that control various processes related to tissue repair, inflammation, and more. Stromelysin-2 (MMP-10) has roles in modulating macrophage activation and function, and hence, we used an MMP-10 null ( Mmp10 −/− ) mouse model to assess its role in controlling lung responses to inhaled long MWCNTs. Oropharyngeal aspiration of long MWCNTs (80 µg/mouse) by wild-type mice induced expression of Mmp10 mRNA, which was accompanied by a robust inflammatory response characterized by elevated expression of Tnfa , Il6 , and Il1b . In Mmp10 −/− mice, we found that absence of MMP-10 led to impaired pulmonary clearance of MWCNTs and reduced macrophage cell survival. Exposure of wild-type bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and alveolar macrophages to MWCNTs caused a rapid, dose-dependent upregulation of Mmp10 mRNA expression, which was accompanied by expression of pro-inflammatory products ( Il6 and Il1b ). These products were further enhanced in Mmp10 −/− macrophages, resulting in increased caspase-3-dependent cell death compared with wild-type cells. These findings indicate that MMP-10 facilitates the clearance of MWCNTs and moderates the pro-inflammatory response of exposed alveolar and infiltrated macrophages.

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Nanotechnology between the lab and the shop floor: what are the effects on labor?

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

Nano-education from a European perspective: nano-training for non-R&D jobs

Nano-education from a European perspective: nano-training for non-R&D jobs

Occupational Exposure Assessment in Carbon Nanotube and Nanofiber Primary and Secondary Manufacturers: Mobile Direct-Reading Sampling

Stromelysin-2 (MMP-10) facilitates clearance and moderates inflammation and cell death following lung exposure to long multiwalled carbon nanotubes

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