Nanotechnology-based Drug Delivery Systems as Potential for Skin Application: A Review

Abstract

: Administration of substances through the skin represents a promising alternative, in relation to others drug administration routes, due to its large body surface area, in order to offer ideal and multiple sites for drug administration. In addition, the administration of drugs through the skin avoids first-pass metabolism, allowing an increase in the bioavailability of drugs, as well as reducing their side effects. However, the stratum corneum (SC) comprises the main barrier of protection against external agents, mainly due to its structure, composition and physicochemical properties, becoming the main limitation for the administration of substances through the skin. In view of the above, pharmaceutical technology has allowed the development of multiple drug delivery systems (DDS), which include liquid crystals (LC), cubosomes, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (PNP), nanoemulsions (NE), as well as cyclodextrins (CD) and dendrimers (DND). It appears that the DDS circumvents the problems of drug absorption through the SC layer of the skin, ensuring the release of the drug, as well as optimizing the therapeutic effect local. This review aims to highlight the DDS that include LC, cubosomes, lipid systems, PNP, as well as CD and DND, to optimize topical skin therapies.

A nanocomposite competent to overcome solubility and permeation issues of capsaicin and thiocolchicoside simultaneously in gout management: Fabrication of nanocubosomes

“…The skin retention of NCs was determined following a method described in the literature with slight modifications ( Baveloni et al, 2021 ). The NCs were left on the skin for 24 h before being rinsed off with distilled water and the remaining formulation was cleaned with cotton swabs.…”

Codelivery of Phytochemicals with Conventional Anticancer Drugs in Form of Nanocarriers

“…Various nanocarriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, metallic nanoparticles and nanoemulsions have been utilized for codelivery of anticancer drugs owing to their ability to entrap the drugs followed by release on targeted site [ 77 , 78 ] ( Figure 6 ). Moreover, these also protect drug molecules from hazardous environmental factors, which can cause gastrointestinal degradation of the drugs [ 79 ].…”

Analysis of Innovative Drug Therapies via Nanotechnologies against HIV/AIDS: A Clinical Systematic Review

“…The drug-loaded carrier based on nanotechnology has been found to help target anatomical along with "cellular viral reservoirs" that subsequently eradicate the virus from the sites of the reservoirs [14]. The nanocarriers provide drug therapy controllably that helps in incrementing bioavailability and also enhancing life quality among HIV patients [15]. The liposomes as drugs have been identified in the above table such as "Indinavir", "Stavudine", "Azidothymidine palmitate" and others that have been targeting different sites such as liver, spleen, lymphnodes and others.…”