Nanotechnology: A Promising Approach for Cancer Diagnosis, Therapeutics and Theragnosis

Lee

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

et al. 2023

Virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) are natural polymer-based nanomaterials that mimic viral structures through the hierarchical assembly of viral coat proteins, while lacking viral genomes. VLPs have received enormous attention in a wide range of nanotechnology-based medical diagnostics and therapies, including cancer therapy, imaging, and theranostics. VLPs are biocompatible and biodegradable and have a uniform structure and controllable assembly. They can encapsulate a wide range of therapeutic and diagnostic agents, and can be genetically or chemically modified. These properties have led to sophisticated multifunctional theranostic platforms. This article reviews the current progress in developing and applying engineered VLPs for molecular imaging, drug delivery, and multifunctional theranostics in cancer research.

Section: Theragnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus-like nanoparticles as a theranostic platform for cancer

Lee

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

et al. 2023

“…Nanotechnology has recently attracted significant attention worldwide for cancer treatment ( 92 ). Previous research revealed the gC1qR was the receptor for tumor-homing peptide LyP-1 which could specifically bind to tumor lymphatics and tumor cells ( 79 , 93 , 94 ).…”

Section: Potential For Translating Into Clinicmentioning

confidence: 99%

gC1qR: A New Target for Cancer Immunotherapy

Lei

Qin

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

Although breakthroughs in cancer treatment have been achieved, immunotherapy yields only modest benefits in most patients. There is still a gap in clarifying the immune evasiveness and immune-resistance mechanisms. Identifying other candidate targets for cancer immunotherapy is therefore a clear unmet clinical need. The complement system, a pillar of innate immunity, has recently entered the limelight due to its immunoregulatory functions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In particular, gC1qR, a receptor for globular heads of C1q, serves as a promising new target and has attracted more attention. gC1qR, also named P32/C1qBP/HABP1, is a multifunctional protein that is overexpressed in various cancers and holds prognostic value. It regulates the tumorigenic, progression and metastatic properties of tumor cells through several downstream signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin, PKC–NF-κB and Akt/PKB pathways. A few preclinical experiments conducted through gC1qR interventions, such as monoclonal antibody, chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy, and tumor vaccination, have shown encouraging results in anticancer activity. The efficacy may rely on the regulatory role on the TME, induction of tumor cells apoptosis and antiangiogenic activity. Nevertheless, the current understanding of the relationship between cancer immunotherapy and gC1qR remains elusive and often contradictory, posing both opportunities and challenges for therapeutic translation in the clinic. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of gC1qR function in cancer immunology and highlight the vital roles in regulating the TME. We also examines the rationale behind targeting gC1qR and discusses the potential for translating into clinical practice.

International Journal of Breast Cancer

“…Nanomedicine has developed into a cutting-edge approach to cancer treatment and a captivating diagnostic tool. It is possible, to recent advancements in the usage of nanoparticles (NPs), to create a safe and very effective method of delivering anticancer drugs to the target tissues [13,14]. It has been established that the physicochemical characteristics of AuNPs, including the charge, size, and surface chemistry, affect their toxicity [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galangin-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles: Molecular Mechanisms of Antiangiogenesis Properties in Breast Cancer

Qaddoori

Al-Shmgani

2023

Angiogenesis is important for tissue during normal physiological processes as well as in a number of diseases, including cancer. Drug resistance is one of the largest difficulties to antiangiogenesis therapy. Due to their lower cytotoxicity and stronger pharmacological advantage, phytochemical anticancer medications have a number of advantages over chemical chemotherapeutic drugs. In the current study, the effectiveness of AuNPs, AuNPs-GAL, and free galangin as an antiangiogenesis agent was evaluated. Different physicochemical and molecular approaches have been used including the characterization, cytotoxicity, scratch wound healing assay, and gene expression of VEGF and ERKI in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Results obtained from MTT assay show cell growth reduction in a time- and dose-dependent aspect; also, in comparison to individual treatment, a synergistic impact was indicated. CAM assay results demonstrated galangin-gold nanoparticle capacity to suppress angiogenesis in chick embryo. Additionally, altering VEGF and ERKI gene expression was recorded. Taken together, all the results can conclude that galangin-conjugated gold nanoparticles can be a promising antiangiogenesis supplemental drug in breast cancer treatment.