Nanostructures of Polyaniline Doped with Inorganic Acids

Abstract

With an average diameter of 150−340 nm and a conductivity of 10-1−100 S/cm, nanostructures (e.g., nanotubes or nanorods) of polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized by a self-assembly method in the presence of inorganic acids (e.g., HCl, H2SO4, HBF4, and H3PO4) as dopants. It was found that the morphology, size, and electrical properties of the resulting nanostructures depended on the dopant structures and the reaction conditions. In particular, all these PANI nanostuctures showed hydrophilic features, and the contact angles with water were measured to be about 27−40° depending on the dopant. The FTIR spectrum, UV−vis absorption spectrum, XPS, and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the molecular structures of the nanostructures. It was found that their main chain structure and electric structure were identical to those of the emeraldine salt form of PANI. The micelles formed by anilinium cations act as the template like in the formation of PANI nanostructures.

Synthesis and Surface Observation of Montmorillonite/Polyaniline Composites

“…A cylindrical fiber structure was also observed in the SEM. The structure may be of a hollow fiber form [18,19]. …”

“…[7,8]. The signal at 6.2 • could also cause the formation of a hollow nano-tube [18,19] with good PANI aggregation [20]. Further, polymerization between Mt layers may improve PANI ordering through the interaction of the aniline monomer and Mt layers.…”

Percolated conductive polyaniline-clay nanocomposite in polyvinyl chloride through the combined approach porous template and self-assembly

“…Literature reveals that conducting polymers with nanoscale morphologies including tubes, wires and fibres can be constructed by either self-assembly [1,2] or template approach [3][4][5][6] for the fabrication of electronic devices such as batteries, capacitors, light emitting diodes and sensors. Development of polyaniline (PANI) wires using self-assembled micelle of amphiphilic dopant by self-assembly approach has been reported earlier [7].…”

Effect of hydrophilicity of polyaniline particles on their electrorheology: Steady flow and dynamic behaviour

“…The conducting PANI proved to be a suitable material due to its easy preparation. Its chemical structure given by alternating of a-and nbonds and the presence charge carriers allows controlling conductivity of PANI by treatment with various organic and inorganic acids to various extents [13][14][15]. Electric properties of PANI can also be influenced efficiently by changing of the reaction conditions during the polymerization of aniline [16,17].…”