Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide Surfaces for Electrochemical Biosensing

Abstract

TiO2 electrochemical biosensors represent an option for biomolecules recognition associated with diseases, food or environmental contaminants, drug interactions and related topics. The relevance of TiO2 biosensors is due to the high selectivity and sensitivity that can be achieved. The development of electrochemical biosensors based on nanostructured TiO2 surfaces requires knowing the signal extracted from them and its relationship with the properties of the transducer, such as the crystalline phase, the roughness and the morphology of the TiO2 nanostructures. Using relevant literature published in the last decade, an overview of TiO2 based biosensors is here provided. First, the principal fabrication methods of nanostructured TiO2 surfaces are presented and their properties are briefly described. Secondly, the different detection techniques and representative examples of their applications are provided. Finally, the functionalization strategies with biomolecules are discussed. This work could contribute as a reference for the design of electrochemical biosensors based on nanostructured TiO2 surfaces, considering the detection technique and the experimental electrochemical conditions needed for a specific analyte.

On the Morphology of Nanostructured TiO2 for Energy Applications: The Shape of the Ubiquitous Nanomaterial

“…As such, nanostructured TiO 2 is presently one of the most ubiquitous and multifunctional components in the nanotechnology world. Correspondingly, a huge number of related research papers have been published in the literature, and many topical reviews have appeared to assess the current state-of-the-art and also give a historical perspective of the advancements; for instance, recent review papers have been published concerning nanophase TiO 2 applications in photovoltaics [ 4 ] and photocatalysis [ 5 ], rechargeable batteries [ 6 ], sensors [ 7 ] and biosensors [ 8 , 9 ] and biomedicine [ 10 ]. Despite this ubiquity, the possibilities to tailor the material properties rely mainly on its nanophase-specific features, considering its fixed and stable chemistry and apart from the possibility of stoichiometric or compositional doping, whose functionality is still largely a matter of investigation [ 11 ].…”

“…According to this point of view, here we present a review on the role played by the morphology and structure of TiO 2 in selected applications in the field of energy where the transport and optical phenomena are of the utmost importance, namely photovoltaic energy conversion by dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells, photoelectrochemical water splitting and nanofluids for thermal management. While recent reviews [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ] focused on separate and specific applications of TiO 2 , this review aims to account for the state of the art of the research describing the structural effects in such apparently different fields with a novel approach. As a matter of fact, reviews on the impact of the structural aspects of nanophase TiO 2 on some of its applications have appeared in the literature and have mainly focused on mesoporous structures [ 16 ], thus excluding dispersions and without paying specific attention to the related transport phenomena.…”

Decoration of modified self‐assembly membrane by magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide nanoparticles for biosensors, supercapacitors, and water treatment

“…The electrochemical findings of the CNM electrode's glucose-sensing development, where tests revealed that there was a chancing electrocatalytic efficiency and accomplishment by the new electrode CNM as a glucose sensor. [59][60] The square wave voltammetric technique was utilized to detect glucose in the blood, 61,62 and (Figure 11) depicted the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide, indicating that CNM functions as an enzymatic biosensing system (mimic glucose oxidase). 45 The electrolyte was potassium chloride (0.1 M), the stock was 1 Â 10 À4 M glucose, and the scan rate was 100 mV s À1 , duration 5 sec, amplitude 5 mV, pulse 25 mV, and D/A out initial 100 mV.…”

Titania (TiO2)/silica (SiO2) nanospheres or NSs amalgamated on a pencil graphite electrode to sensel-ascorbic acid electrochemically and augmented NSs for antimicrobial behaviour

“…20–22 Metal oxides including SiO 2 , CuO, TiO 2 , ZnO, CeO 2 , Fe 3 O 4 and MnO 2 in their nanosize range are rigorously used in various biosensing applications. 15,23–26 Among these choices, TiO 2 nanostructures are preferred due to their non-toxicity, higher surface area, oxygen storage capability, biocompatibility, electrocatalytic nature and antibacterial ability. 6,27–29 To simultaneously enhance sensitivity towards AA detection, TiO 2 nanoparticles are composited with some mesoporous materials.…”