Decoration of modified self‐assembly membrane by magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide nanoparticles for biosensors, supercapacitors, and water treatment

Abstract

Summary This work targets the design of a novel composite nanomaterial (NCM) based on the exchange of electro current between magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide on the surface of the synthetic self‐assembly (graphene oxide/carboxymethyl cellulose) for supercapacitors, biosensors, and photocatalytic. The different techniques utilize for the characteristic synthesized NCM such as morphology, optical properties, and structural evidence. The electrochemical behaviors and the optical properties perform emphasize the improvement of the electron transfer via the incorporation of the two metal oxides on the surface of the self‐assemble. The photocatalytic efficiency records at 85% after 80 min, and the rate constant documents at 4 × 10−3 min−1 due to the ease of the oxygen reactive species generation for removing the pollutants. The impedance spectroscopy data emphasize the development of the surface and electron transfer that enable it to be a promising candidate for supercapacitors applications. The capacitance value of CNM has been documented at 58.81 nF/cm2, also the biosensor applications for glucose and D‐galactose are detected by UV–Vis spectroscopy and the electrochemical method. From the results, the CNM is a promising candidate for water treatment membrane, supercapacitors manufacture, and biosensors applications.

A nanoelectrode of hybrid nanomaterials of palladium oxide with cadmium sulfide based on 2D-carbon nanosheets for developing electron transfer efficiency for supercapacitor applications

“…The manufactured nanoelectrodes have a high area under the CV curve due to their enormous surface area, high electrical conductivity, and high porosity, improving their electrochemical effectiveness. 59,64 C area is documented at 0.3396 mF cm −2 for GO@PdO@rGO and at 0.426 mF cm −2 for GO@PdO@rGO@CdS. The results for C area show that adding many layers of GO and rGO with the metal oxide NPs n-type increased the conductivity and surface area, and the results encouraged the use of the synthesized nanoelectrodes as supercapacitors and batteries.…”

“…The semicircular (arc) is displayed compared to the CPE for detecting the electron transfer in the fabricated nanoelectrodes. In eqn (9), 59 the imaginary axis represents the highest point of the semicircle arc frequency and is described as ω max , and the bulk resistivity expresses the real axis, which represents, which is used to explain, the phenomenon:where τ is relaxation time, C b is bulk capacitance, and R b is bulk resistance. Compared to CPE, the Z value of the generated nanoelectrodes reduced with decreasing semicircle radius.…”

“…The manufactured nanoelectrodes appeared to have the lowest values of phase angle ( θ ), confirming the easy electron transfer that encourages supercapacitor and energy storage applications. 8 Fig. 6c shows Bode graphs that are performed at different frequencies to explain the process of the charge transfer.…”

“…The easy electron mobility between the layers of synthesized nanoelectrodes from the PdO NPs and CdS NPs to the GO and rGO surface emphasized the cycle stability, so the surface of the nanoelectrodes has an accumulation of the electron clouds on the surface, enabling the fabricated nanoelectrodes to become promising candidates for electronic applications, such as supercapacitors, batteries, and energy storage. Eqn (10) determines the value of electroactive mass (areal capacitance, C area ) using the region under the CV curve: 53,59 …”

“…7 Due to their exceptional qualities, such as high electron mobility and surface area, graphene compounds like graphene oxides and reduced graphene oxide have demonstrated significant properties to create graphene nanocomposites with surface modifications for use in clean environment applications. 8 When metal oxides are decorated onto graphene, the layer aggregation is weakened and a useful electrochemically active surface is provided. 9 Combining conducting polymers, metal oxides, and graphene oxide would result in superior electrode materials for energy storage, making it a suitable choice for supercapacitors due to its strong supercapacitor capabilities.…”