Nanostructured Mimic Enzymes for Biocatalysis and Biosensing

Abstract

Accurate, rapid, inexpensive, and selective analysis is required today for use in clinical diagnostics and the food industry. The majority of known electrochemical biosensors are based on immobilized specific biomolecules, such as proteins, enzymes, nuclear acids, antibodies, and antigens on the modified electrodes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. These resulting biomolecule-based devices usually show high sensitivity and specificity due to the high loading of enzymes on the nanoparticles [9][10][11][12]. However, their stability is limited due to easy denaturation [13] and leakage of biomolecules during their storage and immobilization procedure. Furthermore, the preparation and purification of biomolecules are usually time-consuming and expensive [14]. Therefore, the syntheses of artificial biomolecules with highly catalytic properties and a wide range of practical applications are becoming a significant field for different purposes.Artificial enzyme mimetics have attracted considerable interest because they can overcome the disadvantages of the natural enzyme [15][16][17][18]. Up to now, some coordination compounds have been prepared as artificial enzyme mimetics [19][20][21][22][23]. Through in vitro selection, nonnatural ribozymes, deoxyribozymes (catalytic DNA molecules) [24][25][26][27], and many other enzyme mimetics [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]

Nano-Engineered Biomimetic Optical Sensors for Glucose Monitoring in Diabetes

“…In the area of nanomaterials, much progress has been accomplished due to incredible achievements in nano-research and the intrinsic characteristics of nanomaterials [9,97,98,99,100,101]. In the last decade, the trend is shifting towards the multi-component nanozymes because most of the single component artificial nanozyme enzyme mimetics are characterized with low catalytic activity, poor dispersion and precipitation under typical complex physiological conditions [102,103,104].…”