Nanostructured Composites for Bone Repair

In this study, a novel class of polyesters of glycerol, aconitic acid, and cinnamic acid were synthesized along with their hydroxyapatite (HA) composites, and studied for their potential application in bone defect repair. An osteogenic study was conducted with human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) to determine the osteoinductive ability of aconitic acid-glycerol (AG) polyesters, AG:HA (80:20), aconitic acid-glycerol-cinnamic acid (AGC) polyesters, and AGC:HA (80:20) to serve as bone scaffolds. The results indicate that AGC scaffolds have the highest mechanical strength in comparison to AG, AG:HA (80:20), and AGC:HA (80:20) scaffolds due to its low porosity. It was determined by cytotoxicity and osteogenesis experiments that hASCs cultured for 21 days on AG:HA (80:20) scaffolds in stromal medium exhibited a greater number of live cells than control PCL:HA composites. Moreover, hASCs cultured on foamed AG:HA (80:20) scaffolds resulted in the highest levels of mineralization, increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression, and the greatest osteocalcin (OCN) expression after 21 days. Overall, AG:HA (100:0 and 80:20) scaffolds had higher mechanical strength and cytocompatibility than the PCL:HA control. In vitro osteogenic study demonstrated that AG:HA (100:0 and 80:20) synthesized using sugarcane industry by-products hold potential as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.

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“…Although much research has been conducted on tissue scaffolds (bio-derived, synthetic and hybrid), there has been little clinical application. 10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro characterization of polyesters of aconitic acid, glycerol, and cinnamic acid for bone tissue engineering

et al. 2014

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“…[205][206][207][208][209] An added advantage with the use of electrospun nanofibers is their versatility in terms of anisotropic mechanical properties, fiber morphology, encapsulate and deliver bioactive molecules (antimicrobial agents, drugs, nanoparticles), all of these can be achieved by modulating the electrospinning setup or parameters. 190,203,[210][211][212] For tissue regeneration, the advantage of using nanofibers include the mimicry of the native ECM structure with high surface are to volume ratio, high porosity (%), higher cell attachment along the fiber direction and efficient nutrient transportation through the porous structures. 190 Owing to these advantages, electrospun nanofibers are widely used to study regeneration of various tissues, 213 including skin, [214][215][216] cartilage, 217 bone, [218][219][220][221] meniscus, 222 tendon, and rotator cuff tissues.…”

Section: Biomaterials Of Biologic and Natural Origin For Rotator Cuff Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerative Engineering of the Rotator Cuff of the Shoulder

Narayanan

Nair

Laurencin

2018

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Rotator cuff tears often heal poorly, leading to re-tears after repair. This is in part attributed to the low proliferative ability of the resident cells (tendon fibroblasts and tendon-stem cells) upon injury to the rotator cuff tissue and the low vascularity of the tendon insertion. In addition, surgical outcomes of current techniques used in clinical settings are often suboptimal, leading to the formation of neo-tissue with poor biomechanics and structural characteristics, which results in re-tears. This has prompted interest in a new approach, which we term as "Regenerative Engineering", for regenerating rotator cuff tendons. In the Regenerative Engineering paradigm, roles played by stem cells, scaffolds, growth factors/small molecules, the use of local physical forces, and morphogenesis interplayed with clinical surgery techniques may synchronously act, leading to synergistic effects and resulting in successful tissue regeneration. In this regard, various cell sources such as tendon fibroblasts and adult tissue-derived stem cells have been isolated, characterized, and investigated for regenerating rotator cuff tendons. Likewise, numerous scaffolds with varying architecture, geometry, and mechanical characteristics of biologic and synthetic origin have been developed. Furthermore, these scaffolds have been also fabricated with *

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“…An example of the use of organic-inorganic polymer nanocomposites is for drug delivery systems capable of delivering the therapeutic agents at the right time, dosage, and site of interest, thus increasing the therapeutic efficacy and avoiding undesirable side effects (Liong et al 2008;Forrest and Kwon 2008;Viseras et al 2008;Soundrapandian et al 2009;McInnes and Voelcker 2009;Viseras et al 2010;Bonanno and Segal 2011;de Sousa et al 2013). Other examples include materials for use in tissue engineering (Sahoo et al 2013;Gloria et al 2010;Trachtenberg et al 2013;Nelson et al 2013;Mourino et al 2013;Wahl and Czernuszka 2006), dentistry applications (Choi et al 2013), in photohyperthermia treatment (Fang and Chen 2013), biocatalysis, bioseparation, and biosensing, including optical, electrochemical, and magnetobiosensing (Gutierrez et al 2009;Prakash et al 2013), anddiagnostics (Swierczewska et al 2011). These materials may also combine both diagnostic and therapeutic elements (Krasia-Christoforou and Georgiou 2013).…”

Section: Biomedicinementioning

confidence: 99%