Nanostructured anodic iron oxide film as photoanode for water oxidation

Rangaraju, R; Panday, Ashwin; Raja, Krishnan S.; Misra, M.

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/42/13/135303

Cited by 110 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…For example, it has been frequently suggested that the alignment of hematite's high mobility planes perpendicular to the substrate was necessary to achieve good electron transport through the material 13,26,[38][39][40] because a correlation between texturing and photocurrent was observed. A calculation of the potential drop across the bulk in hematite electrodes-about 6 µV-rules out this possibility, however (see Supplementary Information).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identifying champion nanostructures for solar water-splitting

et al. 2013

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Citation for published item:rrenD FgF nd o¤ %t hovskyD uF nd hot nD rF nd veroyD gFwF nd gornuzD wF nd tell iD pF nd r¡ e ertD gF nd oths hildD eF nd qr¤ tzelD wF @PHIQA 9sdentifying h mpion n nostru tures for sol r w terEsplittingF9D x ture m teri lsFD IP @WAF ppF VRPEVRWF Further information on publisher's website: httpXGGdxFdoiForgGIHFIHQVGnm tQTVR Publisher's copyright statement: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Charge transport in nanoparticle-based materials underlies many emerging energy conversion technologies, yet assessing the impact of nanometer-scale structure on charge transport across micron-scale distances remains a challenge. Here we develop an approach for correlating the spatial distribution of crystalline and current-carrying domains in entire nanoparticle aggregates. We apply this approach to nanoparticle-based α-Fe 2 O 3 electrodes that are of interest in solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion. In correlating structure and charge transport with nanometer resolution across micron-scale distances, we have identified the existence of champion nanoparticle aggregates that are most responsible for the high photoelectrochemical activity of the present electrodes. Indeed, when electrodes are fabricated with a high proportion of these champion nanostructures, the electrodes achieve the highest photocurrent of any metal oxide photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting under 100 mW cm -2 air mass 1.5 global sunlight.Batteries, fuel cells, and solar energy conversion devices have emerged as a class of important technologies that increasingly rely upon electrodes derived from nanoparticles 1 . These nanoparticle-based materials provide a unique challenge in assessing structure-property relationships because of the disordered arrangement of nanocrystals that results when nanoparticles collide and aggregate [2][3][4][5][6] . The morphological evolution that follows aggregation further obscures the influence of particle size, shape, and interfacial characteristics in defining the physical properties of these materials 7,8 . For the nanoparticle-based electrodes used in solar energy conversion, structural defects such as grain boundaries define pathways for charge transport by creating potential barriers and by promoting recombination 9 . Because of the complexity of these materials, within a single electrode there may exist a small proportion of "champion" nanostructures-by analogy with champion solar cells 10,11 , these are nanostructures that provide the highest solar conversion efficiencies-th...

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Identifying champion nanostructures for solar water-splitting

et al. 2013

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“…However, recent reports disclosed that nanoporous and nanotubular anodic 15 films were formed on iron in ethylene glycol or glycerol electrolyte containing fluoride and small amounts of H 2 O. [17][18][19][20][21][22] The anodic films thus formed are mainly amorphous and highly contaminated with fluoride species; however, they are readily converted to nanoporous or nanotubular α-Fe 2 O 3 , which is of potential interest as a photoanode for water splitting, 17,20,23 as a photoelectrocatalyst 24 and as electrodes in 20 electrochemical capacitors. 25 In the pores of the anodic oxide on iron, it is expected that PPy is deposited by the electropolymerization of pyrrole, similar to electropolymerization in porous anodic alumina templates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Corrosion protection of iron using porous anodic oxide/conducting polymer composite coatings

et al. 2015

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[DO NOT ALTER/DELETE THIS TEXT]Conducting polymers (CPs), including polypyrrole, have attracted attention for their potential in the protection of metals against corrosion; however, 10 CP coatings have the limitation of poor adhesion to metal substrates. In this study, a composite coating comprising a self-organized porous anodic oxide layer and a polypyrrole layer has been developed on iron. Because of electropolymerization in the pores of the anodic oxide layer, the composite coating showed improved adhesion to the substrate along with prolonged 15 corrosion protection in NaCl aqueous corrosive environment. The anodic oxide layers are formed in fluoride-containing organic electrolyte and contain a large amount of fluoride species. The removal of these fluoride species from the oxide layer and the metal/oxide interface region is crucial for improving the corrosion protection.

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“…Recently, fluoride-containing organic electrolytes have been utilized to form self-organized nanotubular and nanoporous anodic films on titanium [3,4], zirconium [5,6], niobium [7], tantalum [8] iron [9][10][11] and stainless steel [12]. The use of organic electrolytes enables the formation of thick porous anodic films on iron and stainless steel, and improves the uniformity of the self-ordered pore or nanotubular array as well as the thickening of the anodic films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient growth of anodic films on magnesium in organic electrolytes containing fluoride and water

Habazaki

Kataoka

Tsuji

et al. 2014

Electrochemistry Communications

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The present study reports, for the first time, the highly efficient formation of barrier-type anodic films, with flat and parallel metal/film and film/electrolyte interfaces, on magnesium in ethylene glycol electrolytes containing ammonium fluoride and water. The anodizing voltage increases linearly with time during galvanostatic anodizing at 10 A m -2 up to 350 V.The anodic film formed to 200 V is 247 nm thick, containing a crystalline MgF 2 phase.Analysis by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy discloses the film composition of MgF 1.8 O 0.1 and Pilling-Bedworth ratio (PBR) of 1.67. The PBR value greater than unity and the formation of chemically stable fluoride-based films may contribute to the film growth at high current efficiency.

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Nanostructured anodic iron oxide film as photoanode for water oxidation

Cited by 110 publications

References 63 publications

Identifying champion nanostructures for solar water-splitting

Identifying champion nanostructures for solar water-splitting

Corrosion protection of iron using porous anodic oxide/conducting polymer composite coatings

Efficient growth of anodic films on magnesium in organic electrolytes containing fluoride and water

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