Nanostructure of Crystal Hydroxyapatite from Fluorosis: Affected Enamel

Abstract

Fluorosis is a condition due to ingestion of excessive amounts of fluor which can cause the change the teeth structure and strength. Currently, a little explanation was available to describe the surface and change of nanostructure crystal hydroxyapatite which contribute to influence the macrocharacteristic of fluorosis enamel. Aims and objectives:To describe the change of surface structure, c-axis, a-axis and grain size of crystal hydroxyapatite on fluorosis enamel. Materials and methods:This research was carried out the fluorosis and normal enamel specimen by using scanning electron microscopy/ energy disperse X-ray (SEM/EDX) to determine fluor concentration and the surfaces structure of fluorosis enamel, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine change of c-and a-axis of hydroxyapatite of fluorosis enamel.Results: Fluor concentration were higher in fluorosis enamel and the surface increasingly roughness and porous. SEM/EDX also confirmed gaps areas between enamel rods and visible aprismatic zone in some regions. The axis on fluorosis enamel was a-axis = 9.3786 Å and c-axis = 6.8836 Å. The a-axis on normal enamel was = 9.4148 Å and c-axis = 6.8791 Å. Grain size of fluorosis enamel was 19.59 nm and normal enamel was 20.30 nm. Conclusion:Fluor as most electronegative element changes the c-axis, a-axis, and grain size of crystal hydroxyapatite and generates the internal atomic bonding which influences the stability of enamel strength.