Nanostructure in a Ti alloy processed using a cryomilling technique

Nanostructured Ti Consolidated via Spark Plasma Sintering

“…Formation of a dislocation-rich microstructure is characteristic to cryomilling. [16,41] A similar microstructure was also reported for cryomilled and quasi-isostatic forged CP-Ti samples. [14] The formation of such a microstructure is attributable to variations in dislocation-solute atom interactions at different temperature regimes.…”

“…pct N), and possible stable oxides/nitrides (TiO, Ti 2 O 3 , Ti 3 O 5 , TiO 2 , and TiN). [1,2,16,42] No evidence supporting the presence of second-phase particles was found in TEM and XRD studies, and therefore, N and O atoms are deduced to be present as interstitial and grain boundary solute atoms. The details related to N and O diffusion, and the formation energies of second phases are presented elsewhere.…”

“…Powder contamination is an inherent characteristic of cryomilling, and it may arise either from the processing media or from the atmosphere. [14,16,33,41] Carbon black, used as PCA, represents the origin of increased C content, whereas the steel milling media is the source for Fe contamination. The increased amounts of N and O are attributable to atmospheric contamination during powder handling and transport prior to chemical analysis.…”

“…In roomtemperature tensile tests, a YS of 840 MPa, a UTS of 902 MPa, and an elongation to failure value of 27.5 pct were measured for these samples. More detailed information related to cryomilled Ti powders and bulk materials is available in related publications by Sun et al [16,17] and Ertorer et al [14] In view of the aforementioned results, the objective of the present work is to investigate the consolidation behavior, microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of cryomilled CP-Ti powders consolidated via the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. In the last-two decades, SPS has emerged as an interesting consolidation approach given its reported ability to densify metal and ceramic powders fully in a short time interval, thereby helping retain the starting microstructure.…”

On the use of cryomilling and spark plasma sintering to achieve high strength in a magnesium alloy

“…The evolution of particle morphology can be explained by cold welding and fracture occurring during the cryomilling process [36][37][38][39]. The grinding balls plastically deform the particles resulting in work hardening and fracture.…”