Nanostructural Materials with Rare Earth Ions: Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, Modification and Applications

Abstract

The success of nanotechnology in the field of physical, chemical and medical sciences has started revolutionizing the drug delivery science and theranostics (therapy and diagnostics) [1,2] [...]

Preparation of rare earth-doped nano-fluorescent materials in the second near-infrared region and their application in biological imaging

“…QDs 24,25 have high photostability, controllable size, high quantum yield, and narrow emit range, but their toxicity and chemical instability make them controversial in 2 Synthesis of rare earth-doped nano-fluorescent particles There are various synthesis methods of RENPs, among which the most important methods are the hydrothermal/solvothermal method, co-precipitation method, sol-gel method, and thermal decomposition method. 2,30 The crystal morphology, crystal shape, and optical properties/emitting characteristics of particles all depend on these synthesis routes and even unite the strong points of several synthesis methods to facilitate the improvement or optimization of the morphology, size, and structure of nanoparticles.…”

Hydrothermal Synthesis and In Vivo Fluorescent Bioimaging Application of Eu3+/Gd3+ Co-Doped Fluoroapatite Nanocrystals

“…Therefore, rare earth element co-doping is considered to be an effective method of improving the luminescence-emission intensity based on energy transfer and electron transfer processes [ 15 ]. Of course, the particle size of rare-earth-doped FAP also requires attention because particles that are too large are not conducive to cell uptake and further biological imaging [ 32 ]. The hydrothermal method can provide both high temperature and pressure in a sealed pressure vessel to promote the chemical reaction and form highly crystalline fluorapatite, enhancing the diffusions of co-doped rare earth elements into the lattice site, and simultaneously maintaining the fluorapatite crystals at the nanometer scale [ 3 , 33 , 34 ].…”