Nanosilicate‐Functionalized Polycaprolactone Orchestrates Osteogenesis and Osteoblast‐Induced Multicellular Interactions for Potential Endogenous Vascularized Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Massive oral and maxillofacial bone defect regeneration remains a major clinical challenge due to the absence of functionalized bone grafts with ideal mechanical and proregeneration properties. In the present study, Laponite (LAP), a synthetic nanosilicate, is incorporated into polycaprolactone (PCL) to develop a biomaterial for bone regeneration. It is explored whether LAP-embedded PCL would accelerate bone regeneration by orchestrating osteoblasts to directly and indirectly induce bone regeneration processes. The results confirmed the presence of LAP in PCL, and LAP is distributed in the exfoliated structure without aggregates. Incorporation of LAP in PCL slightly improved the compressive properties. LAP-embedded PCL is biocompatible and exerts pronounced enhancements in cell viability, osteogenic differentiation, and extracellular matrix formation of osteoblasts. Furthermore, osteoblasts cultured on LAP-embedded PCL facilitate angiogenesis of vessel endothelial cells and alleviate osteoclastogenesis of osteoclasts in a paracrine manner. The addition of LAP to the PCL endows favorable bone formation in vivo. Based upon these results, LAP-embedded PCL shows great potential as an ideal bone graft that exerts both space-maintaining and vascularized bone regeneration synergistic effects and can be envisioned for oral and maxillofacial bone defect regeneration.

Nanosilicate-functionalized nanofibrous membrane facilitated periodontal regeneration potential by harnessing periodontal ligament cell-mediated osteogenesis and immunomodulation

“…Therefore, the nano brous membrane with 5 wt% LAP incorporation in the present study was customized by electrospinning. Our results demonstrated PCL/LAP nano brous membrane possessed higher mechanical properties, which might contribute to the incorporation of LAP with a exfoliation status [17]. The PCL/LAP nano brous membrane had no adverse effects on PDLCs.…”

“…PCL is a widely used polymer with superior biocompatibility, and LAP is biocompatible and noncytotoxic within a suitable concentration range [11,14,15,26]. A series of nanosilicate-incorporated PCLs with different amounts of LAP particles were developed in our previous study [16,17], and we found that PCL with 5 wt% LAP had excellent biological properties. Therefore, the nano brous membrane with 5 wt% LAP incorporation in the present study was customized by electrospinning.…”

“…Accumulating studies have focused on biomaterial modi cation to enhance its pro-regenerative properties, including coating and incorporation of ions or growth factors [2,25]. We previously developed LAP nanoparticle-incorporated PCL nanocomposites providing cumulative effects on osteogenesis, angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis during bone regeneration [16,17]. The PCL/LAP nano brous membrane in the present study was created to aid in periodontal regeneration by mobilizing remodeling constructively PDLCs to mobilize regeneration processes.…”

“…Its downstream targets (ALPL and COL1A1) increased accordingly, which ultimately improved mineral nodule formation in the late phase of osteogenesis. Our previous study indicated that LAP was released from the PCL/LAP nanocomposite and was internalized by cells to stimulate osteogenic differentiation [17]. Some studies also con rmed that LAP exerted extensive osteogenic effects in osteoblasts and bone mesenchymal cells [14,15,[34][35][36][37][38].…”

“…Preparation and characterization of PCL/LAP membranes PCL and PCL/5wt%LAP (referred to as PCL/LAP) composites were fabricated by a solvent-exchange method as described in our previous study [17]. PCL and PCL/LAP nano brous membranes were fabricated by electrospinning.…”