Nanosensors for trace explosive detection

Senesac, Larry R.; Thundat, Thomas

doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(08)70017-8

Cited by 307 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Although the instruments used to conduct such tests are highly efficient, they are expensive and are not available in many laboratories. Field detection of TNT using various sensors has also been reported [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cost effective hydrogel test kit for pre and post blast trinitrotoluene

Choodum

Malathong

NicDaéid

et al. 2016

Forensic Science International

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General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in Discovery Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from Discovery Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain.• You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. ABSTRACTA cost effective hydrogel test kit was successfully developed for the detection of pre-and post-blast trinitrotoluene (TNT). A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel matrix was used to entrap the potassium hydroxide (KOH) colourimetric reagent. The easily portable test kit was fabricated in-situ in a small tube to which the sample could be added directly. The test kit was used in conjunction with digital image colourimetry (DIC) to demonstrate the rapid quantitative analysis of TNT in a test soil sample. The built-in digital camera of an iPhone was used to capture digital images of the colourimetric products from the test kit. Red-Green-Blue (RGB) colour data from the digital images of TNT standard solutions were used to establish a calibration graph. The validation of the DIC method indicated excellent inter day precision (0.12-3.60%RSD) and accuracy (93-108% relative accuracy). Post-blast soil samples containing TNT were analysed using the test kit and were in good agreement with spectrophotometric analysis. The intensity of the RGB data from the TNT complex deviated by +6.3%, +5.1%, and -4.9% after storage of the test kits in a freezer for 3 months. The test kit was also reusable for up to 12 times with only -5.4%, +0.3%, and +4.0% deviations. The hydrogel test kit was applied in the detection of trace explosive residues at the scene of the recent Bangkok bombing at the Ratchaprasong intersection and produced positive results for TNT demonstrating its operational field application as a rapid and cost effective quantitative tool for explosive residue analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cost effective hydrogel test kit for pre and post blast trinitrotoluene

Choodum

Malathong

NicDaéid

et al. 2016

Forensic Science International

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“…These systems not only require constant updates of their instrument libraries as the threat from explosives change, but also are designed to detect the actual explosive [3]. This coupled with the fact that many explosives have very low vapor pressures, makes their detection through the transfer of particles and/or vapors challenging and hence these instruments often lack sensitivity and/or selectivity provided by canines [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Canines like instruments must be properly trained to the ever evolving explosive threats, with required maintenance training sessions to maintain an optimal level of performance.…”

Section: A Non-contact Passive Approach For the Effective Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Non-Contact Passive Approach for the Effective Collection of Target Explosive Volatiles for Canine Training Aid Development

Cl¹,

Am²,

Pa³

et al. 2016

Journal of Forensic Science & Criminology

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The use of real explosive materials for canine training involves inherent dangers, toxicity risks exposure, and often limited availability of the training material all of which may affect the reliable training of canine teams. For this reason, the development of a training aid suitable for daily operations is beneficial to provide safe and effective explosive detection training that can provide for enhanced detection capabilities. This study presents a non-contact passive approach for the collection of target volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from real explosive materials to be used as potential canine training aids. This will also provide the ability for the creation of new training aids based on the rapid evolution of new explosive threats. Experiments were performed based on previously identified explosive signature volatiles such as 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2E1H), 2,3-dimethyl-dinitrobutane (DMNB), and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT). Composition 4 (C4) explosive material was used for the static collection of the 2E1H and DMNB, as well as single based smokeless powder for the collection of 2,4-DNT. The samples were collected in a controlled environment and cotton gauze pads were used as the collection material. A time optimization analysis was conducted for all three target volatiles in time intervals of ranging from 0.5 to 120 minutes. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used along with gas chromatographymass spectrometry/electron capture detection (GC-MS/ECD) for extraction and confirmation of target volatiles. The results show that collection of characteristic volatiles are obtained after 15 min of exposing the gauze pad to 2E1H and 30 min was optimal for DMNB and 2-4, DNT. Overall, the results demonstrated the possibility to perform static collection of signature VOCs from real explosive materials onto a gauze pad via a non-contact passive method for its potential use as effective canine training aid.

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“…The use of nanoelectrodes in electrochemical studies and applications offer numerous advantages compared to planar macroscopic electrodes such as enhanced mass transport due to the dominance of radial (3 dimensional) diffusion, as well as decreased charging current and minimized adverse effects of uncompensated solution resistance [1]. Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled fabrication of nanoelectrodes with different shapes and sizes that can be used in developing miniaturized and portable devices for applications in health care (e.g., point-of-care devices for diagnostics) [2], on-site detection of explosives [3] and environmental pollutants [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of gold nanohole electrode arrays

Rauf

Shiddiky

Asthana

et al. 2012

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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We report on the fabrication of gold nanohole electrodes array using combination of photolithography, deep reactive ion etching, wet etching, and focused ion beam lithography techniques. The electrode arrays were fabricated by drilling of nanoholes on a 100 nm silicon nitride membrane over a large area of titanium/gold thin film, exposing a disk-type gold nanoelectrode at the base of each hole. The electrode arrays were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and chronoamperometry (CA). SEM imaging of the arrays showed that the each hole is circular shape at the mouth and cone recessed disk (truncated cone) at the base. Near "steady-state" voltammetric behaviour was achieved for the oxidation of 1 mM ferrocenedicarboxylic acid in 10 mM phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at these electrode arrays. The steady-state responses at CV and CA increase with increasing the number of nanoholes in the array. Because of the reproducibility, accuracy, and miniaturization capability of the proposed fabrication technique we believe that it has potential applications in developing portable devices for biosensing.

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Nanosensors for trace explosive detection

Cited by 307 publications

References 70 publications

A cost effective hydrogel test kit for pre and post blast trinitrotoluene

A cost effective hydrogel test kit for pre and post blast trinitrotoluene

A Non-Contact Passive Approach for the Effective Collection of Target Explosive Volatiles for Canine Training Aid Development

Fabrication and characterization of gold nanohole electrode arrays

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