Nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman and absorption studies of the photochemistry of chlorpromazine and related phenothiazine derivatives

Sarata, Gaku; Sakai, Makoto; Takahashi, Hiroaki

doi:10.1002/1097-4555(200008/09)31:8/9<785::aid-jrs611>3.0.co;2-6

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This spectrum is identical in terms of wavenumbers and relative intensities to the resonance Raman spectrum of pure PTZ + obtained in oxygenated methanol using the 517 nm probe wavelength. 50,51 This finding indicates weak effect of the electrostatic field in the straight channel of zeolite upon the vibrational and electronic properties of PTZ + . It is worth noting that the ring breathing mode at 1030 cm À1 for PTZ + is not observed in off-resonance conditions by using the FT-Raman technique.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Spontaneous charge separation induced by phenothiazine sorption within acidic HnZSM-5

Moissette¹,

Luchez²,

Brémard³

et al. 2009

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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In situ diffuse reflectance UV-visible, Raman scattering and EPR experiments, carried out as a function of time after phenothiazine (PTZ) direct exposure to thermally activated acid H(n)ZSM-5 zeolite without any solvent, provide evidence of phenothiazine sorption and simultaneous spontaneous ionization. For comparison, phenothiazine behavior was investigated within non acidic zeolite and showed that most of the phenothiazine molecules were occluded as intact molecules and that ionization was very weak. The multivariate curve resolution analysis of the diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectra set recorded during the sorption process resolve the absorption spectra and respective concentrations of individual species involved in the sorption course. When PTZ entered through the acidic zeolite channels, PTZ (+)@H(n)ZSM-5 (-) radical pair is generated by the polarization energy. Subsequent PTZ(2+) formation was fast but only partial. After months, equilibrium including PTZ (+), PTZ(2+) and occluded PTZ was reached within acid H(n)ZSM-5 but depends on the Si/Al ratio: the higher the Al content, the easier the spontaneous ionization. The close match between PTZ and the pore size of zeolites combined with efficient polarizing effect of proton and aluminium electron trapping sites appear to be the most important factors responsible for the stabilization of PTZ (+) and PTZ(2+) and hinder efficiently the charge recombination. No evidence of Brønsted acid sites of H(n)ZSM-5 was found during the sorption of phenothiazine through generation of protonated species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Spontaneous charge separation induced by phenothiazine sorption within acidic HnZSM-5

Moissette¹,

Luchez²,

Brémard³

et al. 2009

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…The most intense peaks of CPZ at 677, 1040, 1106, 1276, and 1591 cm −1 are attributed to the stretching vibrational mode of C-S bond, the stretching vibrational mode of C-H bond, the breathing mode of ring, the in-plane bending mode of C-H bond, and the vibration of phenyl ring [26]. The other characteristic peaks of CPZ at 728, 1167, 1242, 1296, 1411, and 1467 cm −1 are associated with the stretching vibrational mode of C-Cl bond, the in-plane bending mode of C-H bond, the symmetric stretching of C-N bond, the stretching mode of C-H bond, the symmetric stretching of C-N bond, and the stretching mode of C = C, respectively [26]. Compared with the normal Raman spectrum, the SERS spectrum is observed with higher peak intensities even if the CPZ concentration is reduced by nine orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Vibrational Mode Assignment Of Cpzmentioning

confidence: 97%

A photochemical approach to anchor Au NPs on MXene as a prominent SERS substrate for ultrasensitive detection of chlorpromazine

2021

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As a novel two-dimensional (2D) material, metal carbide (MXene) has been identified as a hotspot research topic in the field of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Herein, we report the increment of SERS activity of titanium carbide (TiC) by incorporation of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by a facile photoreduction process for the detection of antipsychotic drug. TiC anchored with Au NPs produce a remarkable SERS enhancement by the synergistic action of chemical and electromagnetic mechanisms. The hotspots are formed in the nanometer-scale gaps between Au NPs on the TiC surface for the effective interaction with probe molecules. The proposed TiC/Au-NPs SERS substrate was employed for the detection of chlorpromazine (CPZ) with the wide linear range of 10 −1 -10 −10 M and the ultra-low limit of detection of 3.92 × 10 −11 M. Besides, the SERS effect of the optimized TiC/Au-NPs for the 532 nm excitation exhibits the enhancement factor in the order of 10 9 with the relative standard deviation of < 13% for the uniformity and < 8.80% for the reproducibility. To ensure the practical feasibility of the proposed TiC/Au-NPs SERS substrate, the spike and recovery method was used for the detection of CPZ in human biological fluids like urine and saliva. This work can open up a new approach to improve the SERS activity of MXene-based SERS substrate for practical applications, especially the determination of antipsychotic drugs in environmental pollution management.

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“…The mechanism of chlorpromazine phototoxicity is not understood. Time‐resolved absorption and time‐resolved resonance Raman studies were employed to investigate the photochemical reactions of chlorpromazine 55. Time‐resolved absorption studies identified the 525 nm band as a cation radical, CPZ + , and the 480 nm band as a triplet state, T 1 , but were not able to identify the origin of bands at 560 and 380 nm, called X and Y respectively (Fig.…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Delay times after pump beam (308 nm excitation) are (a) 200 ns, (b) 1 µs, (c) 10 µs, and (d) 1 ms for all spectra. Reproduced with permission 55…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent pharmaceutical applications of raman and terahertz spectroscopies

McGoverin

Rades

Gordon

2008

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman and absorption studies of the photochemistry of chlorpromazine and related phenothiazine derivatives

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Spontaneous charge separation induced by phenothiazine sorption within acidic HnZSM-5

Spontaneous charge separation induced by phenothiazine sorption within acidic HnZSM-5

A photochemical approach to anchor Au NPs on MXene as a prominent SERS substrate for ultrasensitive detection of chlorpromazine

Recent pharmaceutical applications of raman and terahertz spectroscopies

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