Nanoscale Plasmonic and Optical Modulators Based on Transparent Conducting Oxides

Lu, Zhaolin; Zhao, Wangshi; Shi, Kaifeng

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1205.0502

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Ultra-compact efficient plasmonic modulators based on strong light localization in vertically arranged metal-semiconductor-insulator-metal waveguides have been studied recently [22,[29][30][31][32][33]. Two metal surfaces serve also as electrodes, thus simplifying design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasmonic modulator optimized by patterning of active layer and tuning permittivity

Babicheva

Lavrinenko

2012

Optics Communications

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Abstract.We study an ultra-compact plasmonic modulator that can be applied in photonic integrated circuits. The modulator is a metal-insulator-metal waveguide with an additional ultra-thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Bias is applied to the multilayer core by means of metal plates that serve as electrodes. External field changes carrier density in the ultra-thin ITO layer, which influences the permittivity. The metal-insulator-metal system possesses a plasmon resonance, and it is strongly affected by changes in the permittivity of the active layer. To improve performance of the structure we propose several optimizations. We examine influence of the ITO permittivity on the modulator's performance and point out appropriate values. We analyze eigenmodes of the waveguide structure and specify the range for its efficient operation. We show that substituting the continuous active layer by a one-dimension periodic stripes increases transmittance through the device and keeps the modulator's performance at the same level. The dependence on the pattern size and filling factor of the active material is analyzed and optimum parameters are found. Patterned ITO layers allow us to design a Bragg grating inside the waveguide. The grating can be turned on and off, thus modulating reflection from the structure. The considered structure with electrical control possesses a high performance and can efficiently work as a plasmonic component in nanophotonic architectures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently the concept of utilizing transparent conducting oxides, namely indium tin oxide (ITO), as an active material with varied carrier density has been studied [20][21][22][30][31][32][33][34]. A unity-order refractive index change is achieved in a metal-oxide-semiconductormetal multilayered stack [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic modulator optimized by patterning of active layer and tuning permittivity

Babicheva

Lavrinenko

2012

Optics Communications

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“…78, ITOs with different carrier concentrations could work as ENZ materials at specific wavelengths. 103 As shown in Fig. 6(a), the ENZ effect of ITO is achieved at λ 0 ¼ 1136 nm and λ 0 ¼ 843 nm under carrier concentrations N 2, where we can see the magnitude has changed tens or even hundreds of times due to the externally applied voltage.…”

Section: Ea Modulators Based On Tco-slot Waveguidementioning

confidence: 81%

Optical modulators and beam steering based on electrically tunable plasmonic material

Shi

2015

J. Nanophoton

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Surface plasmon based photonic (or plasmonic) circuits merge electronics and photonics at the nanoscale, creating the ability to combine the superior technical advantages of photonics and electronics on the same chip. Recent work has demonstrated their remarkable applications in subwavelength optics, data storage and transmission, light harvesting and generation, and microscopy, as well as bioapplications. Plasmonics has become one of the most intensive research subjects in recent years, and much effort has been made to develop novel and efficient waveguiding structures and plasmonic materials. We will first review some major progress in subwavelength plasmonic waveguides and plasmonic materials. Then, focusing on the applications of a class of promising alternative plasmonic materials, transparent conducting oxides, we will introduce some of our up-to-date study, especially on electro-absorption modulators and beam steering.

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“…Sputtering is the most well-known approach in comparison with other methods such as spray pyrolysis and screen printing for the deposition of ITO. By controlling the ITO sputtering process via the oxygen content, the tin-toindium ratio, temperature, and pressure, various values of dielectric function of ITO are reported in [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][18][19][20]…”

Section: Design and Structural Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physical mechanism behind these plasmonic modulators is the control of gap plasmonic modes through the ITO accumulation layer. An ultracompact 'Plas-MOStor' consisting of an ITO-filled slot plasmonic waveguide which operates based on field-effect modulation has been studied in [11][12][13][14][15]. Second, an ITO-insulator layer is embedded in metal from both sides [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable two dimensional optical beam steering with reconfigurable indium tin oxide plasmonic reflectarray metasurface

Forouzmand

Mosallaei

2016

J. Opt.

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In this paper, an electrically tunable reflectarray metasurface for two dimensional (2D) beam steering is designed by integration of a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) material into a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic unit-cell. The reflectarray is composed of square-shaped patch nanoantennas placed on a stack of insulator-ITO-metallic ground plane. The resonant characteristic of unit-cell and the accumulation of carrier density at the interface of ITO-insulator play key roles in obtaining over 250° of phase agility at around 218 terahertz (THz), by electrically varying the bias voltage. An array of unit-cells with integrated ITO and 2D voltage biasing distribution (from the side) offer the possibility of designing a reconfigurable antenna in which the main beam can be steered to relatively large angles in both θ- and φ- planes at carefully selected operating frequency. The significant advantage of this design is the dynamically adjustable radiation pattern in both azimuth and elevation planes even after fabrication.

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Nanoscale Plasmonic and Optical Modulators Based on Transparent Conducting Oxides

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

Plasmonic modulator optimized by patterning of active layer and tuning permittivity

Plasmonic modulator optimized by patterning of active layer and tuning permittivity

Optical modulators and beam steering based on electrically tunable plasmonic material

Tunable two dimensional optical beam steering with reconfigurable indium tin oxide plasmonic reflectarray metasurface

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