Nanoscale “fluorescent stone”: Luminescent Calcium Fluoride Nanoparticles as Theranostic Platforms

Abstract

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2) based luminescent nanoparticles exhibit unique, outstanding luminescent properties, and represent promising candidates as nanoplatforms for theranostic applications. There is an urgent need to facilitate their further development and applications in diagnostics and therapeutics as a novel class of nanotools. Here, in this critical review, we outlined the recent significant progresses made in CaF2-related nanoparticles: Firstly, their physical chemical properties, synthesis chemistry, and nanostructure fabrication are summarized. Secondly, their applications in deep tissue bio-detection, drug delivery, imaging, cell labeling, and therapy are reviewed. The exploration of CaF2-based luminescent nanoparticles as multifunctional nanoscale carriers for imaging-guided therapy is also presented. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in the development of such CaF2-based platform for future development in regard to its theranostic applications.

Влияние Отжига На Структурные, Текстурные, Термические, Магнитные И Люминесцентные Свойства Наночастиц Фторида Кальция

“…CaF 2 -важный оптический материал, с различными областями применения [7], например, для детектирования излучения в сцинтилляционной и термолюминесцентной дозиметрии. Как лазерный материал, СaF 2 обладает множеством превосходных свойств, такиx как высокий коэффициент пропускания от ультрафиолетовой до средней инфракрасной области спектра, легкая инкорпорация RE-ионов, низкий показатель преломления, высокая химическая стойкость, стабильность, негигроскопическое поведение и высокий порог лазерного повреждения.…”

Mn2+-activated calcium fluoride nanoprobes for time-resolved photoluminescence biosensing

“…For example, the octahedrally coordinated Mn 2+ in CaF 2 lattice display green emission with a long PL lifetime up to tens of milliseconds [18][19][20]. Such long-lived and broad-band PL of Mn 2+ along with the excellent biocompatibility of CaF 2 is desirable for homogeneous TR Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biodetection [21][22][23][24]. The broad emission band of Mn 2+ enhances spectral overlap with the excitation band of the energy acceptor, resulting in an enhanced FRET efficiency [25][26][27][28].…”

Thermal stability of Ba1-xCaxF2 solid solutions

“…Difluorides with fluorite structure MF 2 , M = Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Cd are of particular importance [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Solid solutions of rare earth elements in fluorite matrices, as well as MF 2 -M'F 2 systems, are promising materials for photonics and electrochemical devices [1,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”