Nanoporous Nickel Microspheres: Synthesis and Application for the Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Determination of Acyclovir

Abstract

Experimental Reagents and chemicalsAll other chemicals used in this work (otherwise those stated) were of analytical grade from Merck, and were used without further purification. Carbon micro-particles (graphite fine powder) with a particle size of less than 50 μm were obtained from Merck. Nafion solution was purchased from Sigma. All of the solutions were prepared by redistilled water. Acyclovir 2012 © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry † To whom correspondence should be addressed. Nickel microspheres were synthesized via a water-in-oil reverse nanoemulsion system using nickel nitrate as the nickel precursor and hydrazine hydrate as the reducing agent. The nanoemulsion was a triton X-100/cyclohexane/water ternary system. The surface morphology of the nickel microspheres was studied by scanning electron microscopy, which indicated that the microspheres had a nanoporous structure. The electrochemical behavior of the nanoporous nickel microspheres were studied in alkaline solution and were then employed to fabricate a modified carbon paste electrode in order to investigate the electrocatalytic oxidation of the drug acyclovir. The oxidation process involved, and its kinetics were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The rate constant of the catalytic oxidation of acyclovir and the electron-transfer coefficient are reported. A sensitive, simple and time-saving amperometric procedure was developed for the analysis of acyclovir. The proposed amperometric method was also applied to determine acyclovir in tablets and topical cream.

Electrochemical Behaviour Study and Determination of Guanine, 6‐Thioguanine, Acyclovir and Gancyclovir on Fluorine‐doped SnO2Electrode. Application in Pharmaceutical Preparations

“…Based on the results obtained for G, Acy and Gan and although the molecules in the study did not show Nernstian behaviour, it can be assumed that 2e − /2H + (Scheme 1) are involved in the electrochemical process, consistent with that reported in the literature . In these studies, it has been reported that the oxidation mechanism of G and its pharmaceutical derivatives involves a deprotonation step and probably a breaking of the double bond in the imidazole ring (between the −N(7)=C(8)−) atoms) to give the final product 8‐oxoguanine .…”

“…Many works have been reported regarding the study of the electrochemical behaviour of Gan [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], Acy [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] and TG [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] upon a variety of unmodified and modified electrodes. These electrodes exhibited good responses in determining for pharmaceutical derivatives of guanine using differential pulse voltammetry, square wave stripping voltammetry, amperometry, potential scanning voltammetry and square wave voltammetry electrochemical techniques.…”

Synthesis of nickel nanowrinkles and its application for the electrocatalytic oxidation and sensitive detection of hydrochlorothiazide

“…This diffusional behavior was also observed for other nickel-based electrodes [33,34,38,39], due to diffusion of proton in the bulk of nickel oxide [44].…”

“…In the past decades, there have been considerable attentions to the synthesis of metal nanostructures due to their different physical and chemical properties related to their similar large-scale ones, and potential applications in optical, electronic, catalytic and magnetic devices [27][28][29]. Among the metal nanostructures, nickel nanostructures have attracted much attention due to their applications in fabrication of sensors, biosensors, catalysts and conducting and magnetic materials [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Determination of the Antiretroviral Drug Acyclovir in Diluted Alkaline Electrolyte by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry at the Mercury Film Electrode

“…This finding has been attributed to indirect effects of HSV suppression on HIV replication. Spectroscopy 2 chromatographic, [3][4][5][6][7] chemiluminescence, 8,9 spectrophotometric, [10][11][12] and voltammetric [13][14][15][16][17][18] analytical methods have been developed for the determination of acyclovir. With recent advancements in properties of the adsorptive stripping voltammetry, new methodologies have been developed for adenine, thymine, guanine, Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), DNA, and antiretroviral drugs determinations, employing alkaline solution with lower ionic strength as the supporting electrolyte.…”