Nanophotonic optical gyroscope with reciprocal sensitivity enhancement

Khial, Parham P.; White, Alexander D.; Hajimiri, Ali

doi:10.1038/s41566-018-0266-5

Cited by 110 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Modeling confirms the measured enhancement. Besides the ability to operate an optical gyroscope with enhanced sensitivity, this result provides a new platform for study of non-Hermitian physics and nonlinear optics with precise control.High-Q optical microresonators have received considerable attention as sensors across a wide range of applications including biomolecule 6-8 and nanoparticle detection 9 , temperature measurement 10 , and rotation measurement [11][12][13][14][15] . In recent years, a new approach to enhance the sensitivity of microresonator sensors using the physics of exceptional points is being studied 4,5,16-20 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…High-Q optical microresonators have received considerable attention as sensors across a wide range of applications including biomolecule [6][7][8] and nanoparticle detection 9 , temperature measurement 10 , and rotation measurement [11][12][13][14][15] . In recent years, a new approach to enhance the sensitivity of microresonator sensors using the physics of exceptional points is being studied 4,5,[16][17][18][19][20] .…”

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Observation of the exceptional-point-enhanced Sagnac effect

Lai

Suh

et al. 2019

Nature

329

212

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Exceptional points (EPs) are special spectral degeneracies of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians governing the dynamics of open systems. At the EP two or more eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenstates coalesce 1-3 . Recently, it has been proposed that EPs can enhance the sensitivity of optical gyroscopes 4,5 . Here we report measurement of rotation sensitivity boost by over 4× resulting from operation of a chip-based stimulated Brillouin gyroscope near an exceptional point. A second-order EP is identified in the gyroscope and originates from the dissipative coupling between the clockwise and counterclockwise lasing modes. The modes experience opposing Sagnac shifts under application of a rotation, but near the exceptional point new modal admixtures dramatically increase the Sagnac shift. Modeling confirms the measured enhancement. Besides the ability to operate an optical gyroscope with enhanced sensitivity, this result provides a new platform for study of non-Hermitian physics and nonlinear optics with precise control.High-Q optical microresonators have received considerable attention as sensors across a wide range of applications including biomolecule 6-8 and nanoparticle detection 9 , temperature measurement 10 , and rotation measurement [11][12][13][14][15] . In recent years, a new approach to enhance the sensitivity of microresonator sensors using the physics of exceptional points is being studied 4,5,16-20 . Traditionally, for precise sensing, a perturbation to an optical microcavity (or to its reference frame as in the case of a gyroscope) introduces either a linewidth change, a frequency shift, or a frequency splitting of a resonance that monotonically changes with the strength of the perturbation. However, operation of these systems near an exceptional point changes this situation by introduction of a square-root dependence into the transduction that can boost the sensor's ability to transduce perturbations 16 .In this work, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the existence of EPs in a microresonatorbased laser gyroscope, and then measure the enhanced rotation-rate transduction sensitivity near the EP. The laser gyroscope is described elsewhere 11 and uses counterpropagating Brillouin lasers in a high-quality-factor (Q ≈ 10 8 ) silica wedge resonator 21 . As shown in Fig. 1a pump light at frequencies ω pj (j = 1, 2) determined by radio-frequency modulation of a single laser (∼1552.5 nm) is coupled into the resonator from both ends of a fiber taper 22,23 . One of the pump frequencies is Pound-Drever-Hall locked to a resonator mode by feedback control to the laser. The second pump frequency is then varied to affect pump detuning change as described below. The two pump powers are stabilized via power feedback. Brillouin scattering causes a pump photon with frequency ω pj to scatter from a co-propagating acoustic phonon with frequency Ω phonon into a backwardpropagating Stokes photon with frequency ω sj . In the context of a resonator (and as illustrated in Fig. 1b), the associated phase matching con...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Observation of the exceptional-point-enhanced Sagnac effect

Lai

Suh

et al. 2019

Nature

329

212

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“…10d (i)). Khial et al [242] proposed a reciprocal method to improve the detection limit, where two MRRs with a radius of only 500 μm were employed. By using an MZI and two 50/50 DCs, the MRRs can be fed from two different directions, whereby the desired signal has its polarity flipped but undesirable components such as thermally induced fluctuations and fabrication induced mismatch are common and thus can be attenuated.…”

Section: Gyroscopementioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of infrared guided-wave nanophotonic sensors and devices

Dong

Lee

2020

Nano Convergence

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Nanophotonics, manipulating light-matter interactions at the nanoscale, is an appealing technology for diversified biochemical and physical sensing applications. Guided-wave nanophotonics paves the way to miniaturize the sensors and realize on-chip integration of various photonic components, so as to realize chip-scale sensing systems for the future realization of the Internet of Things which requires the deployment of numerous sensor nodes. Starting from the popular CMOS-compatible silicon nanophotonics in the infrared, many infrared guided-wave nanophotonic sensors have been developed, showing the advantages of high sensitivity, low limit of detection, low crosstalk, strong detection multiplexing capability, immunity to electromagnetic interference, small footprint and low cost. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent progress of research on infrared guided-wave nanophotonic sensors. The sensor configurations, sensing mechanisms, sensing performances, performance improvement strategies, and system integrations are described. Future development directions are also proposed to overcome current technological obstacles toward industrialization.

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“…Examples of such methods include phase modulation schemes [4,5], the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) technique [6], and stimulated Brillouin scattering or lasing [7,8]. Several techniques for enhancing the rotation sensitivity have been proposed and demonstrated, including phase difference traversal [9], dual-resonator reciprocal measurement [10], tunable dispersion [11], and the use of exceptional points in non-Hermitian systems [8,12,13]. This last example has attracted considerable interest as the response of the resonator is proportional to the square root of the rotation velocity at an exceptional point, potentially leading to a sensitivity increase of several orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nonlinear enhanced microresonator gyroscope

Silver

Bino

Del’Haye

2017

2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe &Amp; European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

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We demonstrate a novel optical microresonator gyroscope whose responsivity to rotation is enhanced by a factor of around 10 4 by operating close to the critical point of a spontaneous symmetry breaking transition between counterpropagating light. We present a proof-of-principle rotation measurement using a resonator with a diameter of 3 mm. In addition, we characterise the dynamical response of the system to a sinusoidally varying rotation, and show this to be well described by a simple theoretical model. We observe the universal critical behaviors of responsivity enhancement and critical slowing down, both of which are beneficial in an optical gyroscope.

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Nanophotonic optical gyroscope with reciprocal sensitivity enhancement

Cited by 110 publications

References 26 publications

Observation of the exceptional-point-enhanced Sagnac effect

Observation of the exceptional-point-enhanced Sagnac effect

Progress of infrared guided-wave nanophotonic sensors and devices

A nonlinear enhanced microresonator gyroscope

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