2020
DOI: 10.3390/biology9100336
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Nanopharmaceuticals for Eye Administration: Sterilization, Depyrogenation and Clinical Applications

Abstract: As an immune-privileged target organ, the eyes have important superficial and internal barriers, protecting them from physical and chemical damage from exogenous and/or endogenous origins that would cause injury to visual acuity or even vision loss. These anatomic, physiological and histologic barriers are thus a challenge for drug access and entry into the eye. Novel therapeutic concepts are highly desirable for eye treatment. The design of an efficient ocular drug delivery system still remains a challenge. A… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“… 226 For unstable nanoparticles, aseptic filtration is recommended. 227 High-pressure steam sterilization and ethylene oxide sterilization are not suitable for most drug delivery systems as the properties of DDSs and its loaded drugs would easy to be destroy. 227 However, there still are some formulations had been proved that their properties maintained their properties after autoclave.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 226 For unstable nanoparticles, aseptic filtration is recommended. 227 High-pressure steam sterilization and ethylene oxide sterilization are not suitable for most drug delivery systems as the properties of DDSs and its loaded drugs would easy to be destroy. 227 However, there still are some formulations had been proved that their properties maintained their properties after autoclave.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Krause et al performed an experiment in which it was demonstrated that, upon heat sterilization at 134 °C at 2 bar for 25 min, PAMAM dendrimers did not retain their structure, whereas the polypropylenimine and polylysine dendrimers remained structurally stable. Sterilization by conventional sterile filters under aseptic conditions is a potential workaround for this problem, allowing for the effective elimination of microorganisms from the formulation [ 176 ]. Another important issue is the examination of the potential presence of endotoxins, following the sterilization process [ 177 , 178 ].…”
Section: Future Prospects and Nanomedicine Regulatory Issuesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The production takes place in a clean room. It is convenient to perform terminal sterilization rather than an aseptic production process [98,99].…”
Section: Strategies For Enhancing Ocular Drug Delivery Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%