Nanoparticles: possible contribution to development of occupational pathology

Demetska, O. V.; Kucheruk, T.K.; Movchan, V. O.

doi:10.33573/ujoh2006.01.062

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Lead compound nanoparticles and nanocrystals of 4-10 nm in size are found in semiconductors, solar batteries, and polymer composites [13]. Lead nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm are can be encountered in welding and cutting lead-containing structures, smelting, the recovery of lead batteries and batteries [14,15].…”

Section: Current Issues In Pharmacy and Medical Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction with thiocetam of lead nanoparticles influence on morpho-functional status of rat liver

Omelchuk

Aleksiichuk

Chaikovsky

et al. 2020

Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of Thiocetam on morphological changes in the liver of rats and on biochemical changes in their blood after exposure to lead nanoparticles and compounds. The liver is an organ that performs a number of functions, such as the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, plasma components and the neutralization of toxins. It is involved in many metabolic processes in the body.In undertaking this, colloidal solutions of lead sulphide nanoparticles at dosages 10 nm and 30 nm were injected into two groups of rats, PbSnano1 and PbSnano2, respectively, while group Pb(NO3) received subcutaneously a solution of lead nitrate in ion form in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg (0.94 mg/kg lead, in lead equivalent). After 60 administrations (12 weeks) of the studied substances, the exposure was discontinued and the animals were observed for 18 weeks. Subsequently, half of each group received Thiocetam by injection (for 6 weeks at a dose of 250 mg/kg) while the other half did not. We then assessed the mean body weight, absolute and relative liver weight, blood biochemistry values (total protein, albumin, glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides levels in blood serum) and morphological changes in hepatocytes (morphological slides, nuclei cross-sectional area and cytoplasm cross-sectional area).The outcome of this work showed that the mean body weight of animals exposed to nanoparticles with Tiocetam did not differ from that of animals exposed to nanoparticles without pharmacological correction, but relative liver weight was statistically significantly higher than the corresponding values in rats without pharmacological correction. The morphological picture in all study group animals was characterized by the normalization of microvessel blood filling, structure of hepatic plates, disappearance of infiltration with lymphocytes and histiocytes. No dystrophic changes in hepatocytes were found. All this indicates the feasibility of preventive measures during exposure to lead nanoparticles, by administering Thiocetam.In both series of animals exposed to lead nanoparticles (PbSnano1 and PbSnano2), the cross-sectional area of the hepatocytes cytoplasm and the cross-sectional area of the hepatocytes nuclei were smaller than just after exposure, but in the series with Thiocetam adminstration, all the values did not differ from those in the control.

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Section: Current Issues In Pharmacy and Medical Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction with thiocetam of lead nanoparticles influence on morpho-functional status of rat liver

Omelchuk

Aleksiichuk

Chaikovsky

et al. 2020

Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences

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show abstract

“…Penetrating into the alveole, the particles may dissolve and penetrate into the blood flow, as well as physically penetrate through vessel walls and be transported in the solid state by the blood. More over, they can diffuse into different parts of the respiratory tract, can be transported through epithelial and endothelial cells into the blood vascular and lymphatic systems, resulting in their accumulation in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen and heart [21,22]. Nanosized WASC can penetrate through the skin [22].…”

Section: Abstract : Particle Welding Aerosol Solid Componentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of formation of welding aerosol solid component and paths of its penetration into the living organism (Review)

Gubenya¹,

Yavdoshchin²

2016

The Paton Welding J.

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The paper presents a review of current state of the issue of studying the mechanism of welding aerosol (WA) formation, dispersity of welding aerosol solid component and its ability to penetrate into the human body, as an important toxicological factor. It is established that there exist two main mechanisms of WA formation -due to condensation of high-temperature evaporation products and due to formation of volatile oxides on molten metal surface. Here, the molten metal drop is the main evaporation source, but weld pool and metal spatter also participate in the evaporation process. It is known that penetrability depends, chiefly, on dimensions of particles and their agglomerates: the smaller their size, the higher the penetrability. In addition to the already known paths of WA particle penetration into the body through the respiratory tract and digestive organs, nanosized particles can penetrate directly into the brain through nerve endings in the sinuses, as well as penetrate into the blood-vascular and lymphatic systems. This results in their accumulation in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen and heart. Issue of searching for the methods to lower the emissions in coated-electrode welding is still urgent, chiefly due to improvement of their coating composition, as well as the ability to control particle dispersity in WA. 25 Ref., 1 Figure. K e y w o r d s : particle, welding aerosol, solid component, toxicity, penetrability, sanitary-hygienic characteristics Coated electrodes for manual arc welding (MAW) have for a long time been the object of investigations, which were initially aimed at improvement of weldingtechnological characteristics, while the next stage was lowering their production cost. At present, electrode sanitary-hygienic characteristics and searching for ways of reducing the negative influence of welding process on workers in this sector, are one of priority directions of electrode research.As manganese is the main toxic component of welding aerosol (WA) in welding low-alloyed lowcarbon steels, it was and still is one of the main objects of research [1]. This is confirmed by the Bulletin published by IIW, which actualizes the issue of WA investigation and gives several recommendations [2]:• influence of WA and dust magnesium-containing compounds in welding and related technologies should be minimized, at least, within the respective national norms;• it is worthwhile to perform further investigations to improve the understanding of absorption of these compounds (welding products); their behaviour in the human body; dose-effect interaction and any possible neurological and neurobehavioural manifestations.On the other hand, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) in 2013 revised their recommendations on manganese and proposed lowering the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) of manganese: for WA solid component (WASC) with particle size below 2.5 µm -to 0.02 mg/m 3 , and for WASC with more than 2.5 µm particle size -to 0.1 mg/m 3 [3]. Over the next several years, the a...

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“…The following values are taken as scales of temperature, concentration, length, velocity and time: Obtained equations are solved numerically by finite element method. At that an implicit scheme with secondary approximation on nonlinear finitevolumetric mesh [11], taking into account linear approximation of the boundary conditions (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) and (30) written in dimensionless form, is used. Uniform of channel section distributions of temperature, velocities and concentrations of plasma component as well as electric field, corresponding to equations (1)-(18) at neglect of radial nonuniformity of the system, are used as initial conditions.…”

Section: Scientific and Technicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2016

The Paton Welding J.

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A mathematical model was developed for processes of energy, pulse, mass and discharge transfer in non-equilibrium plasma of electric arc, burning in cylindrical channel with water-cooled walls being blown out by laminar flow of plasma inert gas. The model is based on multi-fluid equations for nonisothermal, ionization non-equilibrium arc plasma, considering double ionization of atoms of the plasma gas written in a drift-diffusion approximation. Such an approach allows uniform description of the processes taking place in central region of the channel (in arc column plasma) as well as near-wall region (in plasma ionization layer) up to interface of space charge layer directly adjacent to channel wall. Consideration of the processes taking place in collisionless layer of space discharge and determination of characteristics of thermal and electric interaction of arc plasma with channel wall is carried out using corresponding boundary conditions on interface of the indicated layer. Besides, if presence of doubly charged ions in arc plasma is taken into account, it is possible to calculate its characteristics in a wide range of values of arc current and channel radius. Numerical solution of equations of the proposed model is carried out by finite volume method. Corresponding software is developed for computer realization. Detailed numerical analysis is given to radial distribution of characteristics of argon arc plasma in the cylindrical channels of direct plasmatron nozzle as well as intensity of longitudinal electric field in arc plasma and heat flow from plasma to channel wall at different values of arc current, channel radius and consumption of plasma gas. It is shown that in contrast to the central regions of the channel, where arc plasma is virtually equilibrium, a significant thermal and ionization non-equilibrium of plasma is realized in the near-wall region. It is also shown that increase of arc current and reduction of channel radius requires consideration of the doubly charge ions present in arc plasma. Comparison of results of modelling of characteristics of the non-equilibrium argon arc plasma in the plasmatron nozzle channel with available experimental data was carried out. 11 Ref., 1 Table, 9 Figures. K e y w o r d s : arc plasmatron, plasma-shaping channel, electric arc in channel, non-equilibrium plasma, mathematical modelling

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Nanoparticles: possible contribution to development of occupational pathology

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Correction with thiocetam of lead nanoparticles influence on morpho-functional status of rat liver

Correction with thiocetam of lead nanoparticles influence on morpho-functional status of rat liver

Mechanisms of formation of welding aerosol solid component and paths of its penetration into the living organism (Review)

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