Nanoparticles Functionalized by Conducting Polymers and Their Electrorheological and Magnetorheological Applications

Abstract

Conducting polymer-coated nanoparticles used in electrorheological (ER) and magnetorheological (MR) fluids are reviewed along with their fabrication methods, morphologies, thermal properties, sedimentation stabilities, dielectric properties, and ER and MR characteristics under applied electric or magnetic fields. After functionalization of the conducting polymers, the nanoparticles exhibited properties suitable for use as ER materials, and materials in which magnetic particles are used as a core could also be applied as MR materials. The conducting polymers covered in this study included polyaniline and its derivatives, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3-octylthiophene), polypyrrole, and poly(diphenylamine). The modified nanoparticles included polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), silica, titanium dioxide, maghemite, magnetite, and nanoclay. This article reviews many core-shell structured conducting polymer-coated nanoparticles used in ER and MR fluids and is expected to contribute to the understanding and development of ER and MR materials.

Preparation of Cellulose/Laponite Composite Particles and Their Enhanced Electrorheological Responses

“…In ER fluids, silicone oil is normally applied as the carrier liquid due to its good stability and diverse accessible viscosities. While the range of dielectric particles applied in ER fluids are wide, covering many kinds of materials like inorganics [ 7 , 8 ], semi-conducting polymers [ 9 ], natural polymers [ 10 ] and polyelectrolytes [ 11 ], for real applications, the field-induced change in viscosity or shear stress, which is called ER effect, is the main evaluation criterium of ER fluids. Thus, high and stable ER effect is what researchers want to pursue in the study of ER Fluids.…”

Dual Electrorheological and Magnetorheological Behaviors of Poly(N-methyl aniline) Coated ZnFe2O4 Composite Particles

“…Among the methods of synthesizing zinc ferrite, the solvothermal process produces products with high saturation magnetization and crystal stability [ 27 ]. When conducting polymers are chosen as the shell in zinc ferrite, a dual response to an electric and magnetic field can be expected [ 28 , 29 ]. The semiconductor magnetite/polymer composites can control the particle size and density in a system with a core/shell structure, and functional materials can be produced through single or multiple coatings [ 30 ].…”

One-Pot Preparation of Conducting Melamine/Polypyrrole/Magnetite Ferrosponge

“…18 The composite was applied in photothermal therapy because of its absorption of near-infrared radiation, 19 in microwave absorption. 20,21 electromagnetic radiation shielding, [22][23][24] magnetorheology 25 or in the design of new materials for supercapacitor electrodes. [26][27][28] The list demonstrates that other than electrical properties of conducting polymers often come to the forefront.…”