Nanoparticles from vesicle polymerization: Characterization and kinetic study

Poulain, Nathalie; Nakache, E.; Pina, A.; Lévesque, Guy

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19960415)34:5<729::aid-pola2>3.0.co;2-i

“…It has been shown that the hydrophobic portion of lipid bilayers can be selectively swollen by a variety of hydrophobic monomers, such as styrene [37,38,40,41], alkyl(meth)acrylates [39,42,43] or even lipofullerenes carrying polymerizable octadecadiine side chains [44]. A cross-linking polymerization of such monomers leads to the formation of two-dimensional polymer networks in the interior of the membranes.…”

Section: 3supporting

confidence: 78%

Colloidal Nanoreactors and Nanocontainers

Sauer

¹

,

Meier

²

2003

Colloids and Colloid Assemblies

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“…[3] The principle of operation of such devices is expected to be the control of the interlocked ring rotation through external stimuli (e.g., electri-cal or optical fields) [3] and local environment. [4] The absence of intense chromophores or redox-sensitive groups means that benzylic amide catenanes, [4,5] in particular, are an ideal backbone onto which additional electro-optically active subunits can be assembled to form novel types of interlocked artificial functional materials. For example, by inserting donor±acceptor moieties onto the interlocked molecular framework, systems could be obtained where the overall dipole moment is controllable through the macrocyclic ring dynamics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear and Unanticipated Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Benzylic Amide [2]Catenane Thin Films: Evidence of Partial Rotation of the Interlocked Molecular Rings in the Solid State

Gase

¹

,

Grando

²

,

Chollet

³

et al. 1999

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make the hydrophobic inner micronetwork water soluble. Experiments directed at the synthesis of hollow micronetworks, which exhibit two shells of different polarity, are currently in progress. ExperimentalThe micronetworks were prepared, by the base catalyzed procedure, as described previously [17±19]. For the preparation of the hollow spheres (sample HK70) the surfactant benzethonium chloride (3.0 g, Aldrich, M = 448 g mol ±1 ) was dissolved in water (125.0 g) containing NaOH (300 mg, 10 wt.-%). Dimethoxydimethylsilane (11.0 g) was added, with vigorous stirring, at room temperature over 1 h. After stirring for a further 12 h the silanol end groups of the PDMS chains were endcapped using methoxytrimethylsilane (100 mg).A mixture of methytrimethoxysilane (10.0 g) and dimethoxydimethylsilane (4.0 g) was added over 1 h and the resultant mixture stirred for a further 5 h. In order to prevent the remaining reactive silanol groups from undergoing interparticle condensation, the endcapping procedure was repeated twice more, with methoxytrimethylsilane (2.5 g), before the removal of the surfactant. The dispersion was destabilized by the addition of methanol and centrifuged. The precipitate was washed three times with methanol, to remove the surfactant, and then dissolved in toluene.At this stage the endcapping of the silanol groups is not yet quantitative. Therefore, hexamethyldisilazane (5.0 g, Wacker-Chemie GmbH, M = 164 g mol ±1 ) was added to the toluene solution and the reaction mixture was stirred, at room temperature, for 12 h. The micronetworks were again precipitated with methanol, centrifuged and dried. A colorless, sticky residue was obtained.In order to remove the linear PDMS chains from the core of the micronetworks the residue was dissolved in THF and ultrafiltered (Millipore cellulose 30 000) 4±5 times. The solvent was evaporated, the solid residue dissolved in benzene, and freeze-dried overnight. Yield: 3.5 g of a colorless powder. Sample VK70 was prepared as described previously [19].Static and dynamic light scattering measurements were performed with standard equipment utilizing an ALV SP-86 goniometer, an ALV 3000 correlator, and a Spectra Physics 2060-11s Krypton ion laser light source (647.1 nm wavelength, 500 mW power) or an ALV SP-125 goniometer, an ALV 5000 correlator, and a Spectra Physics 2060-04s Argon ion laser light source (514.0 nm, 250 mW). Correlation functions were analyzed by the method of cumulants.All samples described here exhibited normalized second cumulants of m 2 < 0.05, and no angular dependence of the diffusion coefficients was observed. Before conducting any measurements the toluene solution (0.2 g L ±1 < c < 1.5 g L ±1 ) was filtered through a 0.2 mm Millex FGN Teflon filter.The refractive index increments were measured with a special, homebuilt, interferometer utilizing a small laser (Polytec, wavelength 543 nm or uniphase, 632 nm) [20].Atomic force micrographs were recorded with a Nanoscope III instrument (Digital Instruments, St. Barbara, CA) operating in tapping mode at a ...

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“…Recently Poulain et al (1996) described the polymerization of isodecyl acrylate in vesicles made of sodium di-2-ethylhexyl phosphate. The polymerization was either initiated by potassium persulfate or azo-bis-isobutyronitrile.…”

Section: Vesicle Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A critical step in vesicle polymerization is swelling the preformed vesicles with monomer. Care must be taken that the vesicles do not break up during this step (Kurja et al, 1993;Poulain et al, 1996).…”

Section: Vesicle Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emulsion Polymerization

Aerdts¹,

Herk²,

Klumperman³

et al. 2013

Materials Science and Technology

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The sections in this article are Polymerization Techniques Emulsion Polymerization Mini‐ and Micro‐Emulsion Polymerization Basic Principles of Emulsion Polymerization Particle Nucleation Particle Growth Molar Mass and Molar Mass Distribution Particle Size Distribution Ingredients in Recipes Monomers Initiators Surfactants Others Emulsion Copolymerization Penultimate Unit Effect in Copolymerization Monomer Partitioning in Emulsion Polymerization Composition Drift in Emulsion Co‐ and Terpolymerization Ternary Emulsion Copolymerization Chemical Composition Distribution and Molar Mass Chemical Composition Distribution Process Strategies in Emulsion Copolymerization Constant Addition Strategy Controlled Composition Reactors Optimal Addition Profile Batch, Semi‐Batch, and Continuous Emulsion Polymerization Particle Morphologies Introduction to Particle Morphologies Core–Shell Morphologies Organic Cores Encapsulation of Inorganic Particles Hollow Particles Special Chemistry in Conventional Emulsion Polymerization Reactive Latices Crosslinking of Polymers by Low Molar Mass Crosslink Agents Crosslinking Between Polymers with Complementary Reactive Groups Reactive Surfactants Unconventional Emulsion Polymerization Unconventinal Free‐Radical Emulsion Polymerization Ionic Emulsion Polymerization Transition Metal Catalyzed Emulsion Polymerization Enzyme‐Catalyzed Emulsion Polymerization Concluding Remarks Applications Paints Paper Coatings Adhesives Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications Impact Modifiers Appendix I Appendix II

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Nanoparticles from vesicle polymerization: Characterization and kinetic study

Cited by 45 publications

References 18 publications

Colloidal Nanoreactors and Nanocontainers

Colloidal Nanoreactors and Nanocontainers

Linear and Unanticipated Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Benzylic Amide [2]Catenane Thin Films: Evidence of Partial Rotation of the Interlocked Molecular Rings in the Solid State

Emulsion Polymerization

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