Nanoparticle Properties Modulate Their Attachment and Effect on Carrier Red Blood Cells

Abstract

Attachment of nanoparticles (NPs) to the surface of carrier red blood cells (RBCs) profoundly alters their interactions with the host organism, decelerating NP clearance from the bloodstream while enabling NP transfer from the RBC surface to the vascular cells. These changes in pharmacokinetics of NPs imposed by carrier RBCs are favorable for many drug delivery purposes. On the other hand, understanding effects of NPs on the carrier RBCs is vital for successful translation of this novel drug delivery paradigm. Here, using two types of distinct nanoparticles (polystyrene (PSNP) and lysozyme-dextran nanogels (LDNG)) we assessed potential adverse and sensitizing effects of surface adsorption of NPs on mouse and human RBCs. At similar NP loadings (approx. 50 particles per RBC), adsorption of PSNPs, but not LDNGs, induces RBCs agglutination and sensitizes RBCs to damage by osmotic, mechanical and oxidative stress. PSNPs, but not LDNGs, increase RBC stiffening and surface exposure of phosphatidylserine, both known to accelerate RBC clearance in vivo. Therefore, NP properties and loading amounts have a profound impact on RBCs. Furthermore, LDNGs appear conducive to nanoparticle drug delivery using carrier RBCs.

Silver Nanoparticles Stimulates Spermatogenesis Impairments and Hematological Alterations in Testis and Epididymis of Male Rats

“…The Ag-NPs surface charges could determine the toxicity effect in cells. However, the negative surface charge of the Ag-NPs renders them unsuitable, cause of its strong affinity for murine red blood cells compared to positively-charged NPs [18].…”

Red blood cell-hitchhiking boosts delivery of nanocarriers to chosen organs by orders of magnitude

“…Agglutination of RBCs were performed as previous reported 41 . Briefly, RBC and NC:RBC suspensions at 1% hematocrit were placed onto a U-shaped well plate at 37 °C for 1 h. In addition, RBC and NC:RBC suspensions were placed on a glass slide and observed using a Micromaster microscope (Fisher Scientific) equipped with micro-camera on a 25× objective lens.…”

Nanoparticle transport pathways into tumors

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