Nanoparticle Distribution in Three‐Layer Polymer–Nanoparticle Composite Films: Comparison of Experiment and Theory

Abstract

The distribution of hydrophobic nanoparticles deposited on a hydrophilic polymer film is investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy before and after spin‐coating a polymer solution on the particle film and drying it at room temperature. Various polymers and solvents are used. To reach equilibrium, all investigated systems are annealed additionally above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymers. The compatibility of the interacting components is estimated by calculating their surface energy, solubility, and mutual interaction parameters. The experimental results show a redistribution of the particles on both interfaces of the polymer film. This corresponds to the calculated immiscibility of particles and polymers. The distribution of the nanoparticles at the interfaces is related mainly to the vapor pressure of the solvent, that is, kinetic effects during spin‐coating. Only minor contributions result from surface energy, solubility, and interaction parameters.

Radiopaque Fully Degradable Nanocomposites for Coronary Stents

“…The concept of a nanocomposite material capitalizes on the inherent properties of the base polymer while enhancing the functionality of the composite device by the addition of nanofillers 14 , 15 . The nanofillers are able to render additional features to the polymer that are usually not available in polymeric materials such as optical, electrical and mechanical properties 16 – 18 . In the field of biomaterials, the reinforcement effect of rigid nanofillers on polymers’ mechanical properties is of particular interest.…”