Nanomorphology of Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells in 2D and 3D Correlated to Photovoltaic Performance

Barrau, Sophie; Andersson, Viktor; Zhang, Fengling; Masich, Sergej; Bijleveld, Johan; Andersson, Mats R.; Inganäs, Olle

doi:10.1021/ma802457v

Cited by 46 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…13). 81,82 A clear picture of phase separation governed by these parameters was obtained. TEM showed that different kinds of fullerene derivatives had a strong effect on the morphology, which was explained by the differences in their solubilities.…”

Section: Polyfluorene-based Polymermentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The degree of phase separation between the polymer and PCBM had attracted a lot of attention. In the case of APFO-Green 9:PCBM blends, 81 a few processing parameters were taken into account, including the blend ratio of the polymer to PCBM, the nature of the substrates, solvents and acceptor materials, to optimize the morphology. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy tomography (TEMT) were used to examine the surfaces and bulk morphologies of thin films of the blend (Fig.…”

Section: Polyfluorene-based Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the morphology of polymer‐based photovoltaics

Liu

Jung

et al. 2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

308

248

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We review the morphologies of polymer-based solar cells and the parameters that govern the evolution of the morphologies and describe different approaches to achieve the optimum morphology for a BHJ OPV. While there are some distinct differences, there are also some commonalities. It is evident that morphology and the control of the morphology are important for device performance and, by controlling the thermodynamics, in particular, the interactions of the components, and by controlling kinetic parameters, like the rate of solvent evaporation, crystallization and phase separation, optimized morphologies for a given system can be achieved. While much research has focused on P3HT, it is evident that a clearer understanding of the morphology and the evolution of the morphology in low bad gap polymer systems will increase the efficiency further. While current OPVs are on the verge of breaking the 10% barrier, manipulating and controlling the morphology will still be key for device optimization and, equally important, for the fabrication of these devices in an industrial setting.

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Section: Polyfluorene-based Polymermentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Polyfluorene-based Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

On the morphology of polymer‐based photovoltaics

Liu

Jung

et al. 2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

308

248

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“…Increasing or decreasing solubility of a polymer through manipulation of the amount and types of side chains have a pronounced effect on blend morphology. [12,50,51] 6. Photovoltaic Device Engineering Using Interfaces and Geometries…”

Section: Progress Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Photovoltaics with Alternating Copolymer/Fullerene Blends and Novel Device Architectures

Inganäs¹,

Zhang²,

Tvingstedt³

et al. 2010

Advanced Materials

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100

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The synthesis of novel conjugated polymers, designed for the purpose of photovoltaic energy conversion, and their properties in polymer/fullerene materials and photovoltaic devices are reviewed. Two families of main-chain polymer donors, based on fluorene or phenylene and donor-acceptor-donor comonomers in alternating copolymers, are used to absorb the high-energy parts of the solar spectrum and to give high photovoltages in combinations with fullerene acceptors in devices. These materials are used in alternative photovoltaic device geometries with enhanced light incoupling to collect larger photocurrents or to enable tandem devices and enhance photovoltage.

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“…The choice of electron donor and acceptor materials for use in BJH devices and their loading ratio is the first important step towards solar cell optimization. The choice of solvents is another important step [15]. It has a strong impact on the nano-scale morphology of the active layer, which plays an important role in the performance of solar cells [16] and OFETs [17].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%