Nanominerals: Fabrication Methods, Benefits and Hazards, and Their Applications in Ruminants with Special Reference to Selenium and Zinc Nanoparticles

Abstract

Nanotechnology is one of the major advanced technologies applied in different fields, including agriculture, livestock, medicine, and food sectors. Nanomaterials can help maintain the sustainability of the livestock sector through improving quantitative and qualitative production of safe, healthy, and functional animal products. Given the diverse nanotechnology applications in the animal nutrition field, the use of nanomaterials opens the horizon of opportunities for enhancing feed utilization and efficiency in animal production. Nanotechnology facilitates the development of nano vehicles for nutrients (including trace minerals), allowing efficient delivery to improve digestion and absorption for better nutrient metabolism and physiology. Nanominerals are interesting alternatives for inorganic and organic minerals for animals that can substantially enhance the bioavailability and reduce pollution. Nanominerals promote antioxidant activity, and improve growth performance, reproductive performance, immune response, intestinal health, and the nutritional value of animal products. Nanominerals are also helpful for improving assisted reproductive technologies (ART) outcomes by enriching media for cryopreservation of spermatozoa, oocytes, and embryos with antioxidant nanominerals. Despite the promising positive effects of nanominerals on animal performance and health, there are various challenges related to nanominerals, including their metabolism and fate in the animal’s body. Thus, the economic, legal, and ethical implications of nanomaterials must also be considered by the authority. This review highlights the benefits of including nanominerals (particularly nano-selenium and nano-zinc) in animal diets and/or cryopreservation media, focusing on modes of action, physiological effects, and the potential toxicity of their impact on human health.

Supplementation of different zinc sources to low-CP diets and its effect on performance, carcass traits, liver and kidney functions, immunological, and antioxidant parameters of quail chicks

“…Use of biological Nano particle Zn improved the antioxidant indices in blood, including Zn concentration, SOD and glutathione peroxidase as well as MDA. Also, supplemental biological Nano Zn up to 0.3 g/kg diet improved quail immunity including IgG and IgM ( Abdelnour et al, 2021 ; Reda et al, 2021 ).…”

Effects of a Nanoencapsulated Moringa Leaf Ethanolic Extract on the Physiology, Metabolism and Reproductive Performance of Rabbit Does during Summer

“…For oral delivery into the GIT ( oral pathway ), particle uptake in the GIT depends on diffusion and accessibility through mucus and contact with the cells of the GIT. The smaller particle diameter is fast diffused through GIT mucus to reach intestinal lining cells, followed by uptake through the GIT barrier to reach the blood [ 30 ]. Existing evidence indicates that particles smaller than 100 nm are absorbed in various tissues and organs.…”

Possible protective and curative effects of selenium nanoparticles on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia rat model

“…Nanominerals are minerals that have been made into nanoparticles through the use of nanotechnology. A few studies have been done to check the effectiveness of nanominerals [41]. It is demonstrated that nanoparticles have unique properties including large surface areas, high surface activity, many surface-active centers, high catalytic efficiency, low toxicity, and high absorbed ability [42].…”