Effects of a Nanoencapsulated Moringa Leaf Ethanolic Extract on the Physiology, Metabolism and Reproductive Performance of Rabbit Does during Summer

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of Moringa leaf ethanolic extract (MLEE) on heat-tolerance variables and the reproductive performance of rabbit does bred under hot climate conditions. Additionally, the effect of nanoencapsulation technology on the biological efficiency of MLEE was considered. A total of 56 rabbit does were randomly divided into four experimental groups and treated with 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) nonencapsulated MLEE, 25 or 10 mg/kg BW nanoencapsulated MLEE, or not treated (Control, C). The treatments continued for 50 days, including mating and pregnancy times. Physiological and hematochemical variables, hormonal profiles, and reproductive performance (kindling rate and litter characteristics) were determined. The active components of MLEE were identified. The results indicated that MLEE has 30 active components. All MLEE-based treatments reduced heat-stress-related indicators, such as rectal temperatures, respiratory rates and heart rate; improved hematochemical attributes, redox status, and hormones (progesterone and prolactin); and increased the total litter size, the kindling rate, litter size at birth and litter weight at birth. Adding MLEE can alleviate the negative impacts of heat stress by improving metabolism, redox status, and hormonal balance during pregnancy. These effects were seen whether MLLE was in free or encapsulated forms. However, the use of nanoencapsulated MLEE allowed 80% reduction (10 mg/kg BW) in the optimal dose (50 mg/kg BW) without affecting the efficiency of the treatment. These results support the importance of nanoencapsulation technology in improving the bioavailability of active components when they are orally administered.

Effects of Moringa oleifera aqueous seed extracts on reproductive traits of heat-stressed New Zealand white female rabbits

“…These results are similar to those observed in litter weight at 21 days by Marai et al ( 6 ) and at 35 days by Marai et al ( 35 ). The amelioration of these parameters, following the administration of Moringa oleifera aqueous seed extract in this study, has also been demonstrated by El-Desoky et al ( 52 ) in female rabbits receiving, respectively, 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight of nonencapsulated Moringa oleifera leaves ethanolic extract during summer seasons. Moreover, various phenol compounds and vitamin C found in Moringa oleifera have the ability to prevent the digestive system cell membranes from oxidative stress by scavenging O 2 radicals and, therefore, restoring feed utilization ( 53 ).…”

Impacts of Heat Stress on Rabbit Immune Function, Endocrine, Blood Biochemical Changes, Antioxidant Capacity and Production Performance, and the Potential Mitigation Strategies of Nutritional Intervention

“…Al-Sagheer et al ( 112 ) suggested that addition of 1,000 mg·kg −1 in diet could improve the hematological and antioxidative indicators, and efficiently mitigate the detrimental effects of chronic temperature stress on performance, hematobiochemical features, and oxidative stability. El-Desoky et al ( 113 ) indicated that nanoencapsulated MLEE has 30 active components, which alleviates (supplemental dose of 10 mg·kg −1 body weight) the negative impacts of heat stress by improving metabolism, redox status, and hormonal balance of rabbit does during summer, thereby increase the reproductive performance (e.g., total litter size, kindling rate, litter size at birth and litter weight at birth). The mode of action of plant extract is complex due to it contains a variety of active components, which still needs further in-depth researches.…”

Pithoascus kurdistanensis: Discovery of a Novel Endophytic Fungal Species Associated with Papaver bracteatum, and its Production of Morphine Compounds

“…For example, heptadecane, epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene, delta-Cadinene naphthalene, ethofumesate, 2-ethylacridine, 4H-pyrane-3-carboxamide, ethidimuron, and hexadecanoic acid are some plants metabolites with antibacterial, anticancer, pesticide, herbicide, and antioxidant e cacy which were produced by BR6 (Table 4). These results can con rm the remarkable similarity between the endophytic fungi and P. bracteatum in terms of producing secondary metabolites [33][34][35][36][37] .…”