Nanometer-Thick Mn:NiO and Co:NiO Films for High Performance Nonenzymatic Biosensors

Abstract

People with diabetes require regular blood sugar level monitoring, using commercial enzyme-based biosensors. There is a considerable need to develop biosensors with nonenzymatic electrodes to eliminate the drawbacks of enzymes. Nanostructured nickel oxide (NiO) thin films are highly promising materials for the development of nonenzymatic glucose and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) biosensors. Although the biosensor performance can be easily attained with nonenzymatic electrodes, their commercialization still requires development of cost-effective and mass-production methods. In this work, we demonstrate the use of ultrasonic spray deposited, nanometer-thick, manganese and cobalt doped NiO (Mn:NiO and Co:NiO) films on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates for glucose sensing. Sensor characterization followed detailed materials characterization. Nanometer-thick Co:NiO film electrodes showed better glucose sensor performance than those of bare NiO and Mn:NiO electrodes. High sensitivity of 1.67 μA/μM•cm 2 , a low detection limit of 231 nM, and a fast response time of 5.4 s within the linear range of 16−308 μM were obtained from nanometer-thick Co:NiO film electrodes. Amperometric measurements showed significant electrode reproducibility and stability. Nanometer-thick Co:NiO film electrode was also used to demonstrate actual clinical glucose measurements using human blood serum as a glucose source. Moreover, all fabricated nanometer-thick film electrodes were also utilized as H 2 O 2 sensors. This work provides a novel approach for monitoring the biosensor performance using nanometer-thick doped NiO film electrodes. Obtained results demonstrated the potential of ultrasonic spray deposition method for the massproduction of high-performance nonenzymatic nanometer-thick film biosensors.

Enhanced nonlinear absorption and photoluminescence properties of Zn, Fe, Cu, V and Ni doped MoO3 transition metal oxide thin films

“…Dislocation densities of doped MoO 3 thin films increase compared to bare MoO 3 thin films due to the presence of dopant atoms. Additionally, as the crystallite size decreases, the defect concentration in doped MoO 3 thin films increases, which increases the dislocation density [8,47]. The microstrain (ε) values are found to be approximately 5.1, 6.8, 7.0, 7.2, 6.2 and 7.2 .10 −3 lin.…”

“…Deposition is usually carried out in atmospheric conditions. Various metal oxide thin films are effectively deposited using USD method [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Doping introduces lattice strain and improve optical properties of MoO 3 and tune its wide optical bandgap [2,4,[16][17][18].…”

Integrating Cu/CuxO ternary nanocomposites with multi-walled carbon nanotubes enabling a high-performance nonenzymatic amperometric glucose sensor

“…Even though as many as 85% of commercial glucose sensors are enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors [8] , there has been an instability of this type of enzyme-based biosensors [9][10][11] . This instability is primarily due to the sensitivity of glucose oxidase to environmental conditions (e.g., temperature [12] , humidity [13] , and pH [14] ). It is challenging to establish a reliable method toward glucose by enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors.…”

Comparison of Copper(II) Oxide Nanostructures with Different Morphologies for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing

“…However, those sensors are limited by the nature of enzymes whose activity is highly sensitive to variations in temperature, pH value, oxygen concentration, etc. Therefore, researchers have also developed nonenzymatic sensors that overcome the instability problem of the enzymes. − Various nanostructured materials containing transition-metal centers have been studied in the context of electrochemical glucose sensing due to their ability to catalyze the oxidation of glucose; these include noble metals such as Pt and Au, metal alloys, , and metal oxides such as zinc oxide (ZnO), nickel oxide (NiO), copper oxide (CuO, Cu 2 O), , cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), and others. The application of many of these metals and metal alloys in nonenzymatic glucose sensors is restricted by their high price and susceptibility to Cl – ion poisoning .…”