Wounds infected with bacteria, if left untreated, have
the potential
to escalate into life-threatening conditions, such as sepsis, which
is characterized by widespread inflammation and organ damage. A comprehensive
approach to treating bacterial-infected wounds, encompassing the control
of bacterial infection, biofilm eradication, and inflammation regulation,
holds significant importance. Herein, a microneedle (MN) patch (FM@ST MN) has been developed, with silk fibroin (SF) and tannic
acid-based hydrogel serving as the matrix. Encapsulated within the
MNs are the AIEgen-based activatable probe (FQ-H
2
O
2
) and
the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950, serving as the optical reporter/antibacterial
agent and the inflammation regulator, respectively. When applied onto
bacterial-infected wounds, the MNs in FM@ST MN penetrate
bacterial biofilms and gradually degrade, releasing FQ-H
2
O
2
and
MCC950. The released FQ-H
2
O
2
responds to endogenously overexpressed
reactive oxygen species (H2O2) at the wound
site, generating a chromophore FQ-OH which emits noticeable NIR-II
fluorescence and optoacoustic signals, enabling real-time imaging
for outcome monitoring; and this chromophore also exhibits potent
antibacterial capability due to its dual positive charges and shows
negligible antibacterial resistance. However, the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950, upon release, suppresses the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, thereby mitigating the inflammation triggered
by bacterial infections and facilitating wound healing. Furthermore,
SF in FM@ST MN aids in tissue repair and regeneration
by promoting the proliferation of epidermal cells and fibroblasts
and collagen synthesis. This MN system, free from antibiotics, holds
promise as a solution for treating and monitoring bacterially infected
wounds without the associated risk of antimicrobial resistance.