“…Among the nanoparticles, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is one of the most investigated materials [ 6 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] due to its hydrophilic nature, chemical stability, availability, and photocatalytic activity (which provides the possibility of preparing self-cleaning membrane surfaces). The beneficial effects of TiO 2 -based membrane modification have been proved in relation to both surface coating [ 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 25 ] and blending [ 17 , 20 , 28 , 29 ] methods. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) also have a growing interest in the field of advanced membranes, which exhibit high flux, selectivity, and low-fouling properties even against biofouling [ 30 , 31 ].…”