Nanomaterials in the Management of Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections

Abstract

The exploration of multiplexed bacterial virulence factors is a major problem in the early stages of Escherichia coli infection therapy. Traditional methods for detecting Escherichia coli (E. coli), such as serological experiments, immunoassays, polymerase chain reaction, and isothermal microcalorimetry have some drawbacks. As a result, detecting E. coli in a timely, cost-effective, and sensitive manner is critical for various areas of human safety and health. Intelligent devices based on nanotechnology are paving the way for fast and early detection of E. coli at the point of care. Due to their specific optical, magnetic, and electrical capabilities, nanostructures can play an important role in bacterial sensors. Another one of the applications involved use of nanomaterials in fighting microbial infections, including E. coli mediated infections. Various types of nanomaterials, either used directly as an antibacterial agent such as metallic nanoparticles (NPs) (silver, gold, zinc, etc.), or as a nanocarrier to deliver and target the antibiotic to the E. coli and its infected area. Among different types, polymeric NPs, lipidic nanocarriers, metallic nanocarriers, nanomicelles, nanoemulsion/ nanosuspension, dendrimers, graphene, etc. proved to be effective vehicles to deliver the drug in a controlled fashion at the targeted site with lower off-site drug leakage and side effects.

Synthesis, Characterization, Photocatalysis, and Antibacterial Study of WO3, MXene and WO3/MXene Nanocomposite

“…An emerging degradation technology that leads to the removal of most contaminants is heterogeneous photocatalysis [44]. The comparison of current reported catalysts with already reported similar materials is given in Table 2.…”

“…The capacitance of MXene-based devices can be further enhanced by producing its composites with other materials such as reduced graphene oxide, metal oxides, and conducting polymers [41,42]. Scientists are also attempting to use certain pristine metal oxides and their composites with 2D materials in various biological applications [43][44][45][46][47].…”

Collagen Hydrogels Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles and Cannabis Sativa Oil

“…Among the therapeutic agents, metal nanoparticles have been widely employed in biomaterials design mainly due to their antimicrobial activity [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. In this sense, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a well-known deleterious effect over a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant ones [ 14 ].…”

Novel Perspectives towards RNA-Based Nano-Theranostic Approaches for Cancer Management

“…Nanomedicine has led to the development of a variety of nanoscale therapeutics and diagnostics to treat a variety of diseases, specifically cancer [6,14,15,17,18,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. This fact is broadly exploited in the field of DNA nanotechnology [47].…”