Nanomaterials‐assisted metabolic analysis toward in vitro diagnostics

Abstract

In vitro diagnostics (IVD) has played an indispensable role in healthcare system by providing necessary information to indicate disease condition and guide therapeutic decision. Metabolic analysis can be the primary choice to facilitate the IVD since it characterizes the downstream metabolites and offers real‐time feedback of the human body. Nanomaterials with well‐designed composition and nanostructure have been developed for the construction of high‐performance detection platforms toward metabolic analysis. Herein, we summarize the recent progress of nanomaterials‐assisted metabolic analysis and the related applications in IVD. We first introduce the important role that nanomaterials play in metabolic analysis when coupled with different detection platforms, including electrochemical sensors, optical spectrometry, and mass spectrometry. We further highlight the nanomaterials‐assisted metabolic analysis toward IVD applications, from the perspectives of both the targeted biomarker quantitation and untargeted fingerprint extraction. This review provides fundamental insights into the function of nanomaterials in metabolic analysis, thus facilitating the design of next‐generation diagnostic devices in clinical practice.

Construction of Exosome SORL1 Detection Platform Based on 3D Porous Microfluidic Chip and its Application in Early Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

“…In recent decades, nanoparticles have been widely used in cancer diagnosis and treatment; they play a key role in nanomedicine. [51][52][53][54][55][56][57] Quantum dots (QDs) are utilized for the medical fluorescence labeling and imaging of nanomaterial because of their long-lasting fluorescence and excellent stability. [58] By adjusting particle size, multiple emissions could be calculated using the quantum dots.…”

Matrix Metalloproteinases and Stress Hormones in Lung Cancer Progression

“…The extension of the disease is categorized in accordance to the TNM classification employing imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); these techniques are also used for monitoring the response to treatment and the evolution of the disease [ 16 , 24 ]. Moreover, blood sampling (liquid biopsy) has recently been used as a noninvasive technique as part of in vitro diagnosis (IVD), allowing the exploration of several molecular markers during the disease evolution [ 25 , 26 ]. In this context, circulation tumor cells (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) quantification have been employed to evaluate treatment response and cancer progression, but despite the great specificity of these assays, they have a low sensitivity [ 27 ].…”

“…Noteworthy, the measurement of MMPs and TIMPs in blood samples as part of the IVD can be upgraded using nanotechnology, that is, coupling nanomaterials to different techniques such as electrochemical and optical biosensors [ 26 ]. In this regard, a biosensor formed by photoluminescent quantum dots (QDs) with a CdSe/ZnS core/shell structure, conjugated with biotin and the GPLGVRGK peptide, functionalized with streptavidin and a black hole quencher (BHQ), has been constructed to quantified MMP-2 [ 39 ].…”

High‐Throughput Screening of Metabolic Biomarkers and Wearable Biosensors for the Quantification of Metabolites

“…[26,70] The MALDI not only offers various advantages in profiling studies such as simplicity and low consumption of the biosamples, but also enhances detection sensitivity and accuracy due following two aspects: 1) surface plasmon resonance improves laser energy transfer and 2) electronic conductivity facilitates molecular ionization process. [22,71] Herein, we summarized several examples of biomarker screening via MALDI MS toward practical diagnosis of major diseases. The nanomaterials have been widely used as the matrices for the LDI MS detection of metabolites, and comparisons of functional nanomaterials were summarized with unique sizes, elemental compositions, and architectures (Table 3).…”