Nanomaterials as fuel additives in diesel engines: A review of current state, opportunities, and challenges

Kegl, Tina; Kralj, Anita Kovač; Kegl, Breda; Kegl, Marko

doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100897

Cited by 101 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…As it was stated in [3,31,32] limited experimental studies have been performed on diesel engine to investigate the engine performance parameters using nanofluid fuels and present paper supplements the data in the relevant literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Experiments on compression ignition engine powered by nano-fuels

Cieśliński¹,

Krzyżak²,

Kropiwnicki³

et al. 2022

Combustion Engines

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The use of nanoparticles in fuels provides new opportunities for modification of fuel properties, which may affect the operational parameters of engines, in particular the efficiency and fuel consumption. The paper presents comparison of compression ignition engine performance fuelled with neat diesel and nano-diesel. Alumina (Al2O3) was used as nanoparticles. Surface-active substances, including Span 80 surfactant, as well as water admixture were used to improve the stability of the produced fuel. Measurements of the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of the produced mixtures were conducted. In this study was used naturally aspirated, water cooled, four-stroke diesel engine. Addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles result in 4% reduced fuel consumption, addition of TiO2 nanoparticles result in 10% reduced fuel consumption with respect to neat diesel fuel.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Experiments on compression ignition engine powered by nano-fuels

Cieśliński¹,

Krzyżak²,

Kropiwnicki³

et al. 2022

Combustion Engines

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“…The nanoparticles act as combustion catalysts, especially with CI engines [162]. Diesel or biodiesel have been mixed with different nanoparticles, which are classified as metal, metal oxide, nanofluid, and carbon nanotubes [163]. However, additive nanoparticles give several advantages to fuels, and researchers have been generally focused on diesel and blending diesel and biodiesel fuels.…”

Section: Boilers Gas Engines and Gas Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Overview of the State-of-the-Art Methods for Biogas Purification and Utilization Processes

et al. 2021

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Biogas is one of the most attractive renewable resources due to its ability to convert waste into energy. Biogas is produced during an anaerobic digestion process from different organic waste resources with a combination of mainly CH4 (~50 mol/mol), CO2 (~15 mol/mol), and some trace gasses. The percentage of these trace gases is related to operating conditions and feedstocks. Due to the impurities of the trace gases, raw biogas has to be cleaned before use for many applications. Therefore, the cleaning, upgrading, and utilization of biogas has become an important topic that has been widely studied in recent years. In this review, raw biogas components are investigated in relation to feedstock resources. Then, using recent developments, it describes the cleaning methods that have been used to eliminate unwanted components in biogas. Additionally, the upgrading processes are systematically reviewed according to their technology, recovery range, and state of the art methods in this area, regarding obtaining biomethane from biogas. Furthermore, these upgrading methods have been comprehensively reviewed and compared with each other in terms of electricity consumption and methane losses. This comparison revealed that amine scrubbing is one the most promising methods in terms of methane losses and the energy demand of the system. In the section on biogas utilization, raw biogas and biomethane have been assessed with recently available data from the literature according to their usage areas and methods. It seems that biogas can be used as a biofuel to produce energy via CHP and fuel cells with high efficiency. Moreover, it is able to be utilized in an internal combustion engine which reduces exhaust emissions by using biofuels. Lastly, chemical production such as biomethanol, bioethanol, and higher alcohols are in the development stage for utilization of biogas and are discussed in depth. This review reveals that most biogas utilization approaches are in their early stages. The gaps that require further investigations in the field have been identified and highlighted for future research.

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“…Advancements in combustion engine theory and new emerging technologies enable fuel savings by targeting diversified energy loss mechanisms. Thus far, the improvements in combustion engine performance arising from diversified fuel policy [23,24], fuel additives [25,26], and combustion strategies (reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) or homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI)) [27][28][29] have been extensively reviewed. The authors' group has conducted many studies on the applications of eco-friendly fuels such as polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether, natural gas, or gasoline-like fuels [30][31][32] to compression ignition engines in order to achieve better indicated thermal efficiency and ultralow emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Energy Loss Reduction Technologies for Internal Combustion Engines to Improve Brake Thermal Efficiency

Wang

Shuai

et al. 2021

Energies

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Today, the problem of energy shortage and climate change has urgently motivated the development of research engaged in improving the fuel efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICEs). Although many constructive alternatives—including battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and low-carbon fuels such as biofuels or hydrogen—are being put forward, they are starting from a very low base, and still face significant barriers. Nevertheless, 85–90% of transport energy is still expected to come from combustion engines powered by conventional liquid fuels even by 2040. Therefore, intensive passion for the improvement of engine thermal efficiency and decreasing energy loss has driven the development of reliable approaches and modelling to fully understand the underlying mechanisms. In this paper, literature surveys are presented that investigate the relative advantages of technologies mainly focused on minimizing energy loss in engine assemblies, including pistons and rings, bearings and valves, water and oil pumps, and cooling systems. Implementations of energy loss reduction concepts in advanced engines are also evaluated against expectations of meeting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compliance in the years to come.

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Nanomaterials as fuel additives in diesel engines: A review of current state, opportunities, and challenges

Cited by 101 publications

References 169 publications

Experiments on compression ignition engine powered by nano-fuels

Experiments on compression ignition engine powered by nano-fuels

A Critical Overview of the State-of-the-Art Methods for Biogas Purification and Utilization Processes

A Review of Energy Loss Reduction Technologies for Internal Combustion Engines to Improve Brake Thermal Efficiency

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