This paper deals with injection characteristics using different fuels at different fuel temperatures. The fuels
under consideration are neat biodiesel from rapeseed oil and some blends with diesel as well as neat mineral
diesel D2. The fuel and fuel temperature influences are investigated experimentally in the mechanically controlled
diesel fuel injection M system. At first, attention is focused on the injection characteristics, especially on
fuelling, mean injection rate, mean injection pressure, injection timing, injection delay, and injection duration,
which influence the most important engine characteristics. Furthermore, the influence of fuel temperature is
investigated. On the basis of the measurements of pressure drop through the fuel filter, the minimum fuel
temperature for safe engine operation is determined.
This paper discusses the influence of biodiesel on output characteristics of a diesel engine and optimal
timing setup for its injection pump. The influence of biodiesel is studied by running experiments on an NA
diesel bus engine MAN D2 2566 with a direct-injection M system. The fuel used is biodiesel produced from
rapeseed. Special attention is focused on the determination of the optimal injection-pump timing with respect
to engine harmful emissions, engine fuel consumption, and other engine performance parameters. These engine
characteristics are compared against those obtained using conventional D2 diesel. Experiments with biodiesel
and D2 are run on several engine operating regimes. The engine was monitored for possible operation problems
and carefully examined after the tests. The results obtained are presented and analyzed. It is shown that with
carefully optimized timing of the pump, the harmful emission of NO
x
, smoke, HC, and CO can be reduced
essentially by keeping other engine characteristics within acceptable limits.
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